نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزش، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار مدیریت ورزش، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار مدیریت ورزش، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران، تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار مدیریت ورزش، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی، دانشگاه شهیدباهنرکرمان، کرمان، ایران
چکیده
هدف: هدف از پژوهش حاضر شناسایی عوامل اثرگذار بر گسترش اقتصاد زیرزمینی در فوتبال حرفه‌ای ایران بود.
روش‌شناسی: روش پژوهش کیفی و از نوع تحلیل مضمون بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش تمامی افراد آگاه و درگیر در مباحث اقتصادی فوتبال بود که به روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی(نوع خطی) انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه عمیق و نیمه‌ساختاریافته با 12 نفر از صاحب‌نظران جمع‌آوری شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل مضمون شامل ده مضمون اصلی گسترش‌دهنده اقتصاد زیرزمینی در فوتبال ایران شامل 1. نظاممند نبودن بازار شرطبندی 2. مستعد بودن فوتبال برای پول‌شویی 3. ضعف سیستم و فرهنگ مالیاتی در ورزش 4. ضعف قوانین و تشدید ممنوعیت‌ها 5. سیاست‌های معیوب اقتصادی 6. ناکارآمدی ساختاری- سازمانی در فوتبال 7. ضعف مدیریتی در فوتبال 8. دخالت دولت و رانت‌های دولتی 9. فساد و عدم اراده مبارزه با آن؛ و 10. کژ کارکردی نهادی بودند که در 4 بعد اصلی فرهنگی، حقوقی، سیاسی_اقتصادی و ساختاری_سازمانی قرار گرفتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: برای کاهش اقتصاد زیرزمینی در صنعت ورزش و به‌خصوص فوتبال باید از نظام اداری و مدیریتی فوتبال سیاست‌زدایی شود و دخالت‌های دولت در این حوزه به حداقل رسد؛ همچنین ضمن توسعه فرهنگ مالیاتی، سیستم مالیات ستانی با توجه به ویژگی‌های خاص فوتبال تدوین گردد و با فراهم کردن بستر خصوصی‌سازی در فوتبال امکان رقابت آزاد ایجاد شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Knowing the Factors Affecting the Expansion of the Underground Economy in the Sports Industry (Iranian Football Study)
نویسندگان [English]
- Seyed Mehdi Seyed Bagheri 1
- Rasool Norouzi Seyed hossini 2
- Marjan Saffari 3
- Esmaeil Sharifian 4
1 PhD student in Sport Management, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, Shahid Bahonarkerman University, Kerman, Iran
چکیده [English]
Objective: The aim of the current research was to identify the factors affecting the expansion of the underground economy in professional football in Iran.
Methodology: The research method was qualitative and thematic analysis. The statistical population of the research was all people who are knowledgeable and involved in the economic issues of football, and the snowball sampling method (linear type) was used. Data were collected through internal and semi-structured interviews with 12 experts.
Results: The results of the theme analysis include ten main themes that expand the underground economy in Iranian football, including 1. Unsystematic betting 2. Susceptibility of football to money laundering 3. Weakness of the tax system and culture in sports 4. Weakness of laws and tightening of prohibitions 5. Policies Economic defect 6. Structural-organizational inefficiency in football 7. Management weakness in football 8. Government administration and government rents 9. Corruption and lack of resistance to fight against it 10. Institutional dysfunction. Which were placed in the 4 main cultural, legal, political-economic and structural-organizational dimensions.
Conclusion: In general, according to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that in order to reduce the underground economy in the sports industry, especially football, the administrative and management system of football should be depoliticized and the government's interference in this field should be minimized. Also, while developing the tax culture, the provincial tax system should be formulated according to the specific characteristics of football and by providing a platform for privatization in football, the possibility of free competition can be created.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Shadow economy
- Money laundering
- Betting
- Sports industry
- Institutional weakness
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