mohammad sadegh afroozeh; AMENEH MEHRI; ZAHRA NIKNAM
Abstract
Objective: The use of sport to address various social issues, including peace, has been widely welcomed. Accordingly, with the increasing popularity and pervasiveness of sport around the world, the subject of sport and peace in scientific discourses has fascinated many researchers. The purpose of this ...
Read More
Objective: The use of sport to address various social issues, including peace, has been widely welcomed. Accordingly, with the increasing popularity and pervasiveness of sport around the world, the subject of sport and peace in scientific discourses has fascinated many researchers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the thematic discourse on the role of sport in world peace, which was a qualitative study.Methodology: Which was done by systematic review of documents. By reviewing the articles in the period 2015-2021, 35 documents related to the research objectives were selected.Results: Which marks the analysis of documents with 172 coding; 25 concepts and 10 categories were extracted. Finally, the analysis of the data showed that the areas identified for the development of sport-based world peace include budget, educational sport, culture, competence, politics and religion, communities, sporting performance, peace capabilities, effectiveness and leadership. It can play a role in world peace. Can play a role in world peace.Conclusion: These findings provide a basis for researchers to distinguish the next steps. At the same time, it will lead to a stronger literary base and challenge the lack of discourse in this area.
haniyeh naserzadeh; Mohamadreza esmaeli
Abstract
Today, requesting phenomenon of hosting a sport event is considered to be part of strategies for developing cities and countries. According to advantages of hosting mega sports events and also effective factors in gaining the event hosting, this research intended to develop strategies for hosting international ...
Read More
Today, requesting phenomenon of hosting a sport event is considered to be part of strategies for developing cities and countries. According to advantages of hosting mega sports events and also effective factors in gaining the event hosting, this research intended to develop strategies for hosting international sports events in Iran. For this purpose, the researcher collected thematic literature through books, magazines and internet to develop the subject. The research method is qualitative. For preparing the research conceptual model, the researcher applied the data-based theory approach (grand theory) presented by Strauss and Corbin. The research statistical society are 15 key members of experts and informants including professors who are also experienced in executing sport in Iran. The research findings are calculated by Inferential Statistics, the data-based theorizing approach. In this approach open coding technique applied, 100 basic concepts are determined which classified into 94 subcategory concepts and in axial coding step, around 6 original categories classification have done. The results of qualitative data of interviews present paradigm model developing strategies (6 categories) for hosting international mega sports events in Iran. The results show that determining requirements, relationship management and administration, determining approach, cognition and awareness, culture-building, resource management are part of axial category, strategies which experts have expressed.
Mohammad keshavarz; Younes Younes Mohammadzadeh; , Hosein Dast barhagh; mohammad sadegh afroozeh
Abstract
Purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of providing a model for improving coalition building policies in sports.Methodology: The current research was a mixed research. The statistical population of the present research in the qualitative part included experts who are knowledgeable about ...
Read More
Purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of providing a model for improving coalition building policies in sports.Methodology: The current research was a mixed research. The statistical population of the present research in the qualitative part included experts who are knowledgeable about the subject of the research. Also, the statistical population in the quantitative part of the research included the managers of sports federations of the country. The research tool included semi-structured interviews and a special questionnaire for Dimtel, which was designed according to the research objectives and methods. Dimtel method was used to identify the pattern of causal relationships between the studied variables.Findings: According to the results of the present research, it was determined that the variables affecting coalition building in sports include improvement of concepts, adaptation and localization, elite decision-making, structuring and indexing, legal aspects, management flows, and knowledge improvement. Also, the factors of improvement of concepts and structuring and indexing were identified as causal factors and other factors as causal factors.Conclusion: The results of this research show that the factor of structuring and indexing with a weight of 0.237 was identified as the most important factor in coalition building in sports.
Mehdi Mohebbinejad; Gholamreza Shabani bahar; Samira Aliabadi; Mozaffar Yekta Yar
Abstract
This research was conducted with the aim of the impact of core competencies on the innovation of sports organizations by examining the mediating role of intellectual capital. This research is in the field of correlational studies and field of descriptive research. The statistical population of the research ...
Read More
This research was conducted with the aim of the impact of core competencies on the innovation of sports organizations by examining the mediating role of intellectual capital. This research is in the field of correlational studies and field of descriptive research. The statistical population of the research included managers and experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, sports federations and the National Olympic Committee (N=1200). According to the Kargesi Morgan table, the sample size was determined to be 291 people, which was done using a stratified sampling method. Four demographic information questionnaires, Ghasemi et al.'s core competencies questionnaire (2013), Bontis et al.'s (2000) intellectual capital questionnaire, and Jimenez et al.'s (2008) organizational innovation questionnaire were used. To confirm the formal and content validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of supervisors and several sports management professors were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by conducting a test on 30 members of the research community and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used using Kolmogorov Smirnov tests, Pearson correlation and multiple regression in SPSS software version 26 and structural equation model in Amos software version 24. The obtained results showed that there is a significant relationship between core competencies and innovation, core competencies and intellectual capital, and between intellectual capital and innovation in sports organizations of the country. Also, core competencies on innovation, direct effect; In addition, intellectual capital has a significant positive effect on innovation in sports organizations indirectly.
fatemeh saeedi; noshin benar; Seyed Reza Miraskari
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to examine the barriers to employment in Iran's sports labor market, with a particular emphasis on the macroenvironment, by synthesizing previous research.Methodology: The research employed a qualitative meta-synthesis approach using qualitative content analysis. The statistical ...
Read More
Objective: This study aims to examine the barriers to employment in Iran's sports labor market, with a particular emphasis on the macroenvironment, by synthesizing previous research.Methodology: The research employed a qualitative meta-synthesis approach using qualitative content analysis. The statistical population included all domestic studies conducted between 2001 and 2023. A total of 580 studies relevant to the topic were evaluated, and 31 articles were purposefully selected. Using Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step framework, the findings of previous research related to the study's objectives were analyzed, aggregated, synthesized, and interpreted. Through coding methods, 21 sub-themes and five main themes were identified.Results: The results categorized macroenvironmental barriers to employment in Iran's sports labor market into five main themes: economic barriers, cultural and social barriers, political barriers, knowledge and technology barriers, and legal and regulatory barriers.Conclusion: The findings indicate that employment development in Iran's sports sector faces numerous challenges within the macroenvironment. To address these challenges, a comprehensive and long-term approach by policymakers, managers, and economic stakeholders in this sector is essential. A deeper understanding of macroenvironmental barriers can help design more effective policies and strategies to promote employment in the sports labor market. These strategies may include economic reforms, political improvements, social support, technological advancements, and legal changes. Implementing such measures can create new and sustainable job opportunities in Iran's sports industry.
maryam mallaei; Alimohammad Safania; Mehrdad Moharramzadeh; salah naghshbandu
Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of the current research was to design an entrepreneurship development model in the sports and youth departments of the northwest of the country. This research is descriptive-correlation and applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out in the field in 1402. The statistical population ...
Read More
AbstractThe purpose of the current research was to design an entrepreneurship development model in the sports and youth departments of the northwest of the country. This research is descriptive-correlation and applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out in the field in 1402. The statistical population includes; There were coaches, referees and senior managers, deputy directors of sports and youth department, managers of private clubs, heads of sports teams. In this section, the formula for determining the sample size was used in stratified random sampling (n=217 people). The data collection tool was the questionnaire of Melai Kohi et al. (1402) with 118 questions. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was equal to 0.85 and confirmed. To analyze the data, one-variable statistical tests, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used through SPSS and SmartPLS statistical software. The findings showed that the model of entrepreneurship development in general administrations of sports and youth is suitable and all the numbers and parameters of the model have acceptable t values and factor loading and were significant at a significance level of less than 0.05. It is concluded that the entrepreneurship development model in sports organizations can be used as a practical and effective tool to increase competitiveness, entrepreneurship training, human resource empowerment, formulation of entrepreneurship strategies, development of entrepreneurship culture and attraction of financial and human resources.
Arash Zarei; Shirin Zardoshtian; Homayoun Abbasi; Hossein Eydi; Lugman Emamgholi
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the improvement of social mobility in female athletes.
Methodology: This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. A questionnaire method was used to collect field data, and the opinions of experts ...
Read More
Objective: This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the improvement of social mobility in female athletes.
Methodology: This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. A questionnaire method was used to collect field data, and the opinions of experts were collected through a questionnaire in two basic stages. In the first stage, a questionnaire was used using the Delphi method to identify the components, and in the second part, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the sample members using the DEMET method with a rough approach to investigate and identify the relationships between the components. Also, the statistical population in this study included fourteen specialists and experts.
Results: The results showed that thirty influential sub-criteria were identified and categorized into five main criteria (behavioral factors, gender justice, group factors, Responsibility fors society, and structural factors). Accordingly, the structural factors criterion and the gender justice criterion were obtained as causal criteria and behavioral criteria, Responsibility fors society, and group factors as effects.
Conclusion: Therefore, by removing barriers and increasing investment in women's sports, not only can their social status be improved, but it will also pave the way for a more just and developed society.
Zahra Mohammadi; sara keshkar; Habib Honari; GHolamali Karegar
Abstract
Objective: The global trend of population aging presents numerous challenges for countries. One such challenge is age discrimination. This study aims to provide a model for managing age discrimination against older adults in sports. Methodology: This study was qualitative and fundamental in purpose. ...
Read More
Objective: The global trend of population aging presents numerous challenges for countries. One such challenge is age discrimination. This study aims to provide a model for managing age discrimination against older adults in sports. Methodology: This study was qualitative and fundamental in purpose. It was conducted using the grounded theory method based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (1997). The population consisted of selected older adults, and specialists in sports management and physical education, cultural sociology, gerontology, and psychology. Research samples were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling, resulting in 20 interviews that achieved theoretical saturation. The validity of the data was confirmed according to the criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba.Results: By analyzing the interviews, initially conceptual propositions and then open codes and axial codes were formulated in the context of six dimensions that include causal factors (7), contextual factors (4), intervening factors (5), strategies (4), outcomes (4), and the central category that forms the final model Discussion: Implementing an anti-discrimination model in sports can enhance the conditions and opportunities for older adults and other age groups. This model includes policy approaches, encouragement and support, awareness raising, and organizational culture development. Furthermore, with appropriate policymaking, creating discrimination-free sports environments will be achievable, contributing to social justice and improving the quality of life for older adults.
azad ahangaran; alireza elahi; Hossein Akbari Yazdi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the current research was to design a volunteer management model in Iran's sports federationsMethodology: In terms of practical purpose, it is qualitative from the perspective of data collection and thematic analysis. The participants of this research include experts (university ...
Read More
Objective: The purpose of the current research was to design a volunteer management model in Iran's sports federationsMethodology: In terms of practical purpose, it is qualitative from the perspective of data collection and thematic analysis. The participants of this research include experts (university professors), sports volunteers, and operational managers of sports volunteering in Iran. Participants in the research were 15 experts. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview.Results: According to the three stages of the PEP model and the three branches, firstly, the structural, contextual and behavioral factors affecting each stage have been presented in the form of a network of themes. The first stage of the PEP volunteer model is preparation, which is of particular importance for identifying and employing volunteers. The second step in the PEP volunteer model is engagement. This stage has an important role to show the importance of volunteers' work, and the third stage in the PEP volunteer model is sustainability. This step is very important to create an effective volunteering systemConclusion: it can be acknowledged that the integrated reliance on the design of the volunteer management model in Iran's sports federations based on structural, contextual and behavioral factors that are effective in the stage of preparation, volunteering and sustainability in the form of a network of themes helps managers in this field to find suitable functional methods with Know the volunteers and step in a clear and purposeful way.
Saeed Khodabakhshi Palandi; Zeinolabedin Fallah; Taher Bahlake; Mohammadali Noudehi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to design a qualitative model of the participation of religious and cultural institutions in improving moral and Islamic values in sports in the country.Methodology: The research method in the present study was qualitative and based on the Grounded Theory strategy ...
Read More
Objective: The purpose of this research was to design a qualitative model of the participation of religious and cultural institutions in improving moral and Islamic values in sports in the country.Methodology: The research method in the present study was qualitative and based on the Grounded Theory strategy (Glasser's approach). The statistical population in the qualitative part of the current research includes professors and experts in the field of sports management, as well as professors of ethics, education and sociology, who were selected purposefully and using judgmental sampling method (20 people). The data collection tools included: a) library study and b) semi-structured exploratory interview. To analyze the qualitative data, qualitative content analysis method based on Glaser's 6.C (6c) coding family was used in the theoretical coding in order to synthesis concepts and categories.Results: Results showed that six factors including: causes, related factors, contingencies, conditions, consequences, and context factors around the central category was identified.Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, officials and practitioners of religious institutions can play a role in the development of moral and Islamic values in the country's sports by using their capacities and also with the help of sports organizations.
Vajiheh Javani; Gholamreza mirzamohamadi
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the lived experience of fans regarding violence in Iranian football stadiums.Methodology: This research is a qualitative study, applied in terms of purpose, and was conducted using Smith et al.'s interpretative phenomenological analysis method. The ...
Read More
Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the lived experience of fans regarding violence in Iranian football stadiums.Methodology: This research is a qualitative study, applied in terms of purpose, and was conducted using Smith et al.'s interpretative phenomenological analysis method. The research population includes all fans who have experienced football violence through watching football in stadiums. In this study, purposive sampling was conducted among fans of Persepolis, Esteghlal, Sepahan, Tractor, Nassaji Mazandaran, and Foolad Khuzestan clubs, considering the research objective. Using purposive sampling, 70 fans and experts were selected until information saturation was reached, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were used for data collection.Results: Based on the analysis of qualitative data obtained from interviews with fans of clubs present in the Iranian Premier League on studying fans' lived experience of violence in football stadiums, a total of 55 themes,14 sub-themes, and 4 main themes were extracted and categorized.Conclusion: The results indicated that the lived experience of fans regarding violence in Iranian football stadiums consisted of themes including factors intensifying violence, the origin of violence, types of violence, and factors reducing violence. By applying the accumulated experience of fans in confronting violence, it is possible, as necessary, to use all resources and determine appropriate preventive policies centered on avoiding violence and highlighting the role of fair play through mass media, to reduce or eliminate this deadly social phenomenon.
javad shahlaeebagheri; Farzad ghafouri; sina zafari; payam raisi
Abstract
Purpose: The main purpose of the research is to determine the feasibility of developing sports tourism (river boating) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methodology: This research was applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive-analytical strategy. The statistical population of the research ...
Read More
Purpose: The main purpose of the research is to determine the feasibility of developing sports tourism (river boating) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methodology: This research was applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive-analytical strategy. The statistical population of the research included all knowledgeable elites, experts and university professors, and due to the limited statistical population, the sample number was used as a census from the entire statistical population. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect research data. In order to analyze the data, SPSS and PLS software were used for descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: At the significance level of 0.05, the results showed a statistically significant difference between the theoretical and experimental average of driving, attracting, limiting and infrastructural factors, and the desired factors were in favorable conditions. Conclusion: In general, it can be said that these factors play a significant role in the development of sports tourism (river boating) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in the current situation, which makes it possible to attract sports tourists to Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Therefore, the sports and youth department should help the increasing development of whitewater boating in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province by reducing the limiting factors and by using the driving, attracting and infrastructural factors and creating suitable platforms.
Mohammadrasoul Khodadadi; Sanaz Abiri
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to provide a conceptual framework for promoting morning citizen sports in the women's community.Methodology: The present research is a practical qualitative study using grounded theory data analysis method. The statistical population of the study included sports ...
Read More
Objective: The aim of the present study was to provide a conceptual framework for promoting morning citizen sports in the women's community.Methodology: The present research is a practical qualitative study using grounded theory data analysis method. The statistical population of the study included sports management professors, managers, and experienced experts of the East Azerbaijan Sports and Youth Administration, as well as experts in the field of women's sports. The sample was selected from among the members of the community using purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods. The research tool was a semi-structured interview with 17 research experts, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The validity of the research was confirmed by relevant experts, and the reliability of the research was obtained using the intra-subjective agreement method, which was 83%.Results: Content analysis of the research interviews identified five main categories and 13 concepts in the section on barriers and challenges to women’s participation in morning exercise. In this section, the concept of family cultural level had the highest frequency, with an importance score of 29. Additionally, in the section on factors influencing participation, eight main categories and 12 concepts were identified, with the concept of women’s perception and self-awareness holding the highest significance score of 21 among other concepts.Conclusion: To increase women’s participation in morning exercise, comprehensive actions at individual and social levels are essential to foster a sense of security and social cohesion, thereby encouraging greater female involvement.
zahra sabzinezhad; Morteza Dousti; farzam Farzan; Homayoun Abbasi
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the phenomenon of migration of elite human capital in the country's sports.Methodology: It is a qualitative research method (data base theory). The statistical population of this research includes experts, experts, professors and trainers in ...
Read More
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the phenomenon of migration of elite human capital in the country's sports.Methodology: It is a qualitative research method (data base theory). The statistical population of this research includes experts, experts, professors and trainers in the field of this research. Snowball sampling method was used for in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 15 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.81. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used.Findings: Based on the findings of the current research, the determining factors in the migration of the country's sports elites include: causal factors (weak job position in the society and inefficient management system), background factors (economic-political problems and socio-cultural problems), intervening factors (individual and environmental characteristics), strategies (improving the infrastructural condition of the country's sports and improving the social condition of the society) and finally the consequences of this research (decreasing the quality of championship sports and lack of suitable sports model in the society). These categories themselves include 18 concepts and several agents or open codes.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, we conclude by emphasizing the findings of the research and the identified challenges, macro policies and effective measures
Shahnaz Rezajoo; Robab Mokhtari; Mehrdad Moharramzadeh
Abstract
The popularization of sports among the people requires financial resources.The purpose of this research was to provide a model of investment risk in the sport for all based on the foundational data theory. This research is of the (qualitative) type, in terms of the type of foundational data method. The ...
Read More
The popularization of sports among the people requires financial resources.The purpose of this research was to provide a model of investment risk in the sport for all based on the foundational data theory. This research is of the (qualitative) type, in terms of the type of foundational data method. The population and statistical sample included professors and academic staff members of the sports management department and expert professors, 8 people were interviewed in the fields of economics and marketing in East Azerbaijan province, the results of the analysis of the questions showed that the factors affecting the risk of investment in the Sport for all (manpower, managers' policies) , large sponsorship planning, public participation, advertising and media marketing and development of sports attractions); Background factors affecting the risk of investing in public sports (structural (software) factors, structural (hardware) factors, technical infrastructure, licensing, relative stability of policies and rules in society, bylaws and basic laws and local and basic branding); Intervening factors on the risk of investing in sport for all (systematic risk, unsystematic risk, economic factors, legal factors, political factors and administrative factors); Effective strategies on investment risk in public sports (pathology and analysis of obstacles, continuous performance evaluation, rule of law, optimal allocation of capital in investable areas, privatization and marketing of public sports); The operational consequences of investment risk were confirmed in public sports (investment risk of sponsorships, sports cultural consequences, physical and mental health of society, intra-organizational and structural anomalies).
Syedeh tahereh Azimzadeh; Morteza Dousti; seyed mohhamad hosein razavi; masoume kalateh seifari
Abstract
The aim of the research was to design the historical and identity model of native, national and ritual sports.The current research method was qualitative (Ostrass and Corbin) and exploratory.The statistical population included local native sports specialists with a university teaching experience or activists ...
Read More
The aim of the research was to design the historical and identity model of native, national and ritual sports.The current research method was qualitative (Ostrass and Corbin) and exploratory.The statistical population included local native sports specialists with a university teaching experience or activists in the field of public sports, experts and officials of sports, policy makers and sports consultants.The sampling method was non-probability sampling, with targeted selection and maximum diversity or heterogeneity. The sample size using the theoretical saturation method was equal to 14 people. The data collection tool was an open interview and was analyzed based on three stages of open, central and selective coding. In the present study, the criteria of long-term involvement, sustained observation, re-inspection of the path of information acquisition, checking, triangulation, and continuous comparison were used to measure the validity. To calculate the reliability, the within-subject agreement method was used, and the reliability between the coders for the conducted interviews. In this research, it was equal to 88%. Based on the findings, causal factors include religious identity and social identity; Background factors including infrastructure and planning; Intervening factors including participation and support; central phenomenon including identification in ritual and national sports; Strategies include executive and structural; Consequences included social and cultural functions. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach to identify the identity and historical concepts of native, national and ritual sports and presented a model to explain the identity and historical pattern of native and ritual sports in the form of a theory.
milad ensafi kochameshki; seyyed mohammad kashef; fatemeh abdavi
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to study the bibliometric study of the research conducted in the field of sustainable development of sports.Methodology: This research is a bibliometric review research and was done with the methods of functional analysis, citation network analysis and ...
Read More
Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to study the bibliometric study of the research conducted in the field of sustainable development of sports.Methodology: This research is a bibliometric review research and was done with the methods of functional analysis, citation network analysis and keyword analysis. In order to draw scientific maps, Excel, Vosviewer, Rstudio and Maxqda software were used. The statistical population of the research is 486 articles, of which 386 articles were selected as a sample during the document screening stage.Findings: The findings of the research show that in the period of 2001 to 2023, 386 documents have been included in the analysis basket of the considered field, of course, 187 publications have published these 386 studies and the annual growth of scientific production In this area, it is 4.28%. The average number of citations that the studies have received is 9.096, which is a very good value in the desired field.Conclusion: by recognizing the best fields of study of sustainable development in sports, which have mostly been conducted in developed countries and some developing countries; We can express these questions: Where is sustainable development in our sports industry? What strategic and operational plans have we developed in this field? Therefore, we can ask the questions derived from the results of this research, which are considered to be the needs of sustainable development in our country and can be very useful research fields of sustainable development in the country's sports.
zohreh karimi; ali mohammad safania; Ali Zarei; Hossein Poursoltani Zarandi; reza nikbakhsh
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research is to provide a model of organizational resilience in Iranian sports organizations. Methodology: This research is a type of combined research. In the qualitative part, foundation data theory with Strauss and Corbin's approach is used, and in the quantitative part, ...
Read More
Objective: The purpose of this research is to provide a model of organizational resilience in Iranian sports organizations. Methodology: This research is a type of combined research. In the qualitative part, foundation data theory with Strauss and Corbin's approach is used, and in the quantitative part, the survey method is used. The research community was university experts and senior and intermediate managers and experts with experience in the field of sports who participated in the interview process using a targeted sampling approach. With 20 people, the research reached information saturation and the theory was completed. Data analysis was done using Maxqda12 software in three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding, and based on that, the qualitative research model was designed. Results: More than 300 initial concept codes were extracted from the interviews, which were reduced to 104 codes after refining the codes and getting credit, which are in the form of 34 concepts and 12 categories in the framework of the paradigm model, including organizational resilience as a central category and causal conditions (planning and implementation, causes political, legal reasons), background factors (economic reasons, management system), intervention conditions (social attitude, cultural reasons), strategies (financial actions, comprehensive approach) and consequences (reduction of financial losses, national and international successes, socio-cultural advantages) ) it placed. Finally, the obtained model was tested among the sports community of 384 people and after fitting the model, the final model of organizational resilience in Iranian sports organizations was obtained.
Rouhollah Khajehkarimoddini; noshin benar; Nader Zali
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify key drivers affecting the future of Iran's sports industry with futures Studies approach.Methodology: In terms of nature, the current research method is based on the methods of future research and foresight, analytical and exploratory, which was ...
Read More
Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify key drivers affecting the future of Iran's sports industry with futures Studies approach.Methodology: In terms of nature, the current research method is based on the methods of future research and foresight, analytical and exploratory, which was carried out by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistical population of the current research was experts (professors, experts, athletes and sports management experts) in the field of sports industry. Sampling was done in a purposeful way and 19 people were selected. After collecting the data of the first stage, 28 items that had gained more points were placed in the matrix and were evaluated and completed according to the opinions of the expert panel and analyzed using Mic Mac software.Results: Based on the results of this research, there are various factors that affect the future of the sports industry, and the most important factors in the future of the Iranian sports industry are: joint hosting of major sports events, management stability, support for new sports businesses, meritocracy and expertise. orientation, modern and technological productions and equipment, forming multinational manufacturing companies, supporting the privatization of clubs and strengthening Iran's position in international institutions and seats.Conclusion: In order to build a bright future for the sports industry of Iran, one should take a special look at the identified key factors.
Bahman Tayebi; Amin Dehghan Ghahfarokhi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate the state of Spatial planning in four Olympic martial sports, wrestling, taekwondo, judo, and boxing.Methodology: The current research method was chosen as a mixed type (qualitative and quantitative). In order to identify the effective indicators ...
Read More
Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate the state of Spatial planning in four Olympic martial sports, wrestling, taekwondo, judo, and boxing.Methodology: The current research method was chosen as a mixed type (qualitative and quantitative). In order to identify the effective indicators in the preparation of the land in championship sports, theoretical foundations and qualitative interviews with elites knowledgeable about the research subject were used until theoretical saturation was reached. In the quantitative part, in order to weight sports land development indicators, the analysis hierarchy method (AHP) and the numerical taxonomy method were used to identify the state of land development in combat sports, and according to the development factor, the provinces of the country were prioritized in each of the sports fields. Boxing in Kermanshah province, taekwondo in Tehran, judo in Razavi Khorasan and wrestling in Mazandaran were the best. Boxing in Hormozgan, Taekwondo in Qom, Judo in Bushehr and wrestling in Semnan were the weakest.Results: Therefore, in order to win more Olympic medals, it is necessary to focus more on 14.6% of developed provinces, and the priority of paying attention to Olympic martial arts, according to the research, is wrestling, boxing, judo, and taekwondo, respectively.Keywords: Spatial planning, sports preparation, sports development, martial arts
binesh bozorgpour; Mehrali Hemti Nejad
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to present a model for the analysis of the professional learning community among sports coaches in the country.Methodology: The research method is descriptive-correlational in terms of type, applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of execution method. ...
Read More
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to present a model for the analysis of the professional learning community among sports coaches in the country.Methodology: The research method is descriptive-correlational in terms of type, applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of execution method. The statistical population included: university professors, organizational managers, trainers and analysts who are experts in the field of the research topic. The statistical sample was estimated to be sufficient for modeling in smart pls software (number of hidden variables x selected base number) (106 people). The sampling method was purposeful (judgmental). The research tool was a questionnaire related to the components of the model approved in the qualitative section. The validity of the tool was confirmed in terms of content (confirmed by 8 experts), reliability (composite reliability index) and structure (SRMR = 0.075).Results: The results showed that challenges (0.287), backgrounds (0.269), drivers (0.267), organizational network (0.254) and trainers' capabilities (0.065) ) respectively had a significant effect on the formation capacity of the professional learning community of educators. Also, formation capacity (0.424), ICT platform (0.350) and managerial efficiency (0.189) had a significant effect on the development of this learning community. Finally, the development of the learning community had a significant effect on its consequences with a coefficient of 0.882.
Mehrnaz Sabzemeidani; Vahid Shojaei; Mohammad Hami
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to presenting a conceptual model of influencing factors on entrepreneurship education in universities (Study of sports science students)Methodology: The research method was qualitative and based on grounded theory. The statistical population of the research ...
Read More
Objective: The objective of this study was to presenting a conceptual model of influencing factors on entrepreneurship education in universities (Study of sports science students)Methodology: The research method was qualitative and based on grounded theory. The statistical population of the research included faculty members of entrepreneurial management faculties of state universities, faculty members of sports science faculties of state universities across the country with entrepreneurship expertise, special and selected members and lecturers of the employment and entrepreneurship working group of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, and selected sports entrepreneurs of the country. Sampling was determined by snowball method. Data was collected from library sources and previous researches and semi-structured interviews. Next, 19 experts were interviewed, and opinion saturation was reached in 15 people. Then the interview data was analyzed by MAXQDA software.Results: Based on the results of the research in the causal conditions section Indicators such as (Behavioral, Business-based, Creativity-based, Human resources development, Quality), in the context of indicators such as (Communication, Development and Focus, Social), in the strategies section, indicators such as (Strategic, Sustainable, Organizational), in the intervening conditions section, indicators such as (Individual, Functional) and in the outcomes section, indicators such as (Individual, Organizational, Social) were extracted.Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that the programs should be directed towards creativity and innovation and by combining theoretical and practical knowledge related to sports entrepreneurship, they should move from a knowledge-oriented university to an entrepreneurial university.
Ali Sajedi; Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Razavi; Masoumeh Kalateh Seifari
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is prioritizing city parks in designing sports city from the perspective of experts.Methodology: The present study was combined and the tools for data collection of semi-depth interviews with experts in quality and questionnaire in quantitative part with planning ...
Read More
Objective: The purpose of this study is prioritizing city parks in designing sports city from the perspective of experts.Methodology: The present study was combined and the tools for data collection of semi-depth interviews with experts in quality and questionnaire in quantitative part with planning experts, urban architecture and sports management were continued in the qualitative part of interviews until the arrival of Shubaa Nazari. The validity of the data was confirmed by the review of three participants. To confirm the repetition of codes by two experts. The quantitative part of the questionnaire was distributed in 21 questions of 9 values. Validity of the panel of experts and reliability was confirmed using FuzzyAHP package in R software and prioritized using AHP.Results: The results showed that park components are park (0.264), sports park (0.231), public park (0.190), elderly park (0.114), gardens (0.081), amusement park (0.073) and adventure park (0.047).Conclusion: Among the various parks of Park Street, the most important and adventure park is the least important in designing sports city in terms of planning specialists, urban architecture and sports management.
Zahra Sohrabi; Mehrdad Moharramzadeh; Rasool Nazari
Abstract
Objective: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify drivers and critical uncertainties of Iranian professional clubs through cross-matrix analysis.Methodology: The current research has a postmodern paradigm and a mixed research approach (qualitative-quantitative) and a purposeful and snowball ...
Read More
Objective: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify drivers and critical uncertainties of Iranian professional clubs through cross-matrix analysis.Methodology: The current research has a postmodern paradigm and a mixed research approach (qualitative-quantitative) and a purposeful and snowball sampling method. Analysis of the research, by analyzing the content of 20 in-depth interviews, the number of open codes was collected and categorized into 114 indicators, the indicators were shared in the form of a list of closed questions among 10 experts using the Delphi technique in and after three rounds of interviews. Delphi and reaching a group agreement, 20 factors affecting clubs were identified; then, the extracted factors were evaluated by analyzing the mutual effects and using Micmac software.Results The research results showed that 20 key and strategic factors have been identified. With foresight around the identified factors, the tendency towards the desirable future of Iran's professional clubs will increase, and by formulating desirable strategies around these factors, the achievement of excellence and the desirability of professional sports will be guaranteed in order to institutionalize this importance in Iran.Conclusion: the main core of Iran's professional clubs are sports clubs, the driving forces affecting Iran's professional sports clubs include individual, managerial, legal and legal, economic, social cultural, physical and political driving forces and the most important lack of Certainty includes technology and climatic conditions.Keywords: club, drive, uncertainty, professional sports, sustainable performance
zahra taghipour; rahim ramzaninejad; Hamid Reza goharrostami
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to identify key themes and provide a conceptual framework for capacity building in the development of community sports in Iran. The research method was a qualitative study with thematic analysis approach. The research participants included scientific experts (university ...
Read More
The purpose of this research was to identify key themes and provide a conceptual framework for capacity building in the development of community sports in Iran. The research method was a qualitative study with thematic analysis approach. The research participants included scientific experts (university professors and researchers) and executive experts (managers and experts of the research organizations). The number of samples was 15 according to theoretical saturation. Sampling was done by theoretical method. The research tool included semi-structured exploratory interviews along with its supplementary library study. The validity of the tool and the results were evaluated and confirmed based on the competence of the sample, the validity of the content of the questions, and the agreement between the coders. Multi-stage conceptual coding method was used to analyze the findings. The framework extracted from the qualitative findings included 4 levels, 9 perspectives, 30 dimensions and 88 components. Four conceptual constructs in the sequence of overall impact-effectiveness of their subcategory themes in the model include; The environmental base of capacity building (drivers and inhibitors), the ability of the multi-sectoral system of capacity building (strategies, processes and levels), the capacity building of development axes (the axes of resources and mechanisms) and the functions of capacity building of public sports (development of capacities) public sports and public sports for sustainable development). Based on the findings, it can be said that capacity building for the development of public sports is a systematic process based on environmental capacities and challenges, strategic efficiency and a systemic process
Sport Management and Development
Mohammadrasoul Khodadadi; Maryam Faridfathi; Reza Shahbazi; Samin Jodairy
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present research was to provide a qualitative model for the management of professional football clubs in East Azerbaijan Province.Methodology: The present study is an applied research of qualitative nature, employing the grounded theory method with Glaser's approach. The statistical ...
Read More
Objective: The aim of the present research was to provide a qualitative model for the management of professional football clubs in East Azerbaijan Province.Methodology: The present study is an applied research of qualitative nature, employing the grounded theory method with Glaser's approach. The statistical population of the research consisted of sports management professors, managers of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth, and experts in the field of professional football club management in East Azerbaijan Province. The research sample was selected from among the population members using purposive and snowball sampling methods. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview conducted with 17 experts in the field, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The validity of the research was confirmed by relevant experts, and the reliability of the research instrument was obtained at 85% using the inter-coder agreement method.Results: The research results indicated that the postmodern perspectives, resource management, environmental and spatial management, legal aspects management, organizational management, revenue generation management, communication and media management, resource management, social responsibility management, public relations management, organizational culture management, fan management, and brand management were the 12 key categories in the management of professional football clubs in East Azerbaijan Province.Conclusion: The management of professional clubs can vary for each region and province depending on local conditions, and the results of this research can serve as a model for the management of professional football clubs in East Azerbaijan Province.
Sport Management and Development
Fateme Ghane; Hamidreza Goharrostami; Mostafa MolaeiNejad
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the research was to determine the perceived social effects of championship sports and the degree of relationship with the desire to support.Methodology: The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of students studying in the universities of Rasht ...
Read More
Objective: The aim of the research was to determine the perceived social effects of championship sports and the degree of relationship with the desire to support.Methodology: The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of students studying in the universities of Rasht city was 456 students as a research sample. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sports management professors and reliability using Cronbach's alpha (ɑ = 0.87). SPSS20 software was used for data analysis.Results: According to the results of Friedman's test, there is a significant difference between the perceived social effects of championship sports among university students in Rasht, and the highest perceived social effect is international prestige and political power with an average rank of (7.21) and the lowest with The average rating (2.52) was related to the ability and quality of life of the athletes. The commonality of all the effects and relationships in the surveys was good feeling and enthusiasm, sports participation and health, equality and social inclusion, local consumption and living conditions, which cause support for championship sports.Conclusion: According to the results, sports managers and policymakers should pay attention to the social effects that explain the desire to support and use them in justifying the policies and investments of championship sports so that the policies are supported by the society.
Sport Management and Development
Mehdi Salimi; Mosayeb Mirhosseini; Amir Hossein Labbaf
Abstract
Objective: This study analyzes the effects of blockchain technology on the future of Iran's sports industry.
Methodology: This research is applied and uses a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative phase, thematic analysis and the Glaser approach were used to extract ...
Read More
Objective: This study analyzes the effects of blockchain technology on the future of Iran's sports industry.
Methodology: This research is applied and uses a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative phase, thematic analysis and the Glaser approach were used to extract concepts and patterns, and the data were analyzed through open and axial coding. In the quantitative phase, the structural equation model was analyzed using SmartPLS version 4 software. The statistical population in the qualitative phase consisted of 23 experts and specialists who were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods. In the quantitative phase, 272 stakeholders from sports clubs responded to the questionnaire, and the reliability and validity of the proposed models were evaluated using various methods.
Results: In the qualitative phase, eight main categories were identified from the analysis of interviews, including facilitation of communications, cost reduction, innovation in revenue generation, data transparency and security, and enhancement of fan experience. In the quantitative phase, the structural model was confirmed using structural equation modeling, and the factor loading coefficients indicated that the model has a good fit. This research confirmed the effects of blockchain in improving contract management, developing trust, and exploiting economic benefits in Iran's sports industry.
Conclusion: Blockchain can create fundamental and sustainable transformations in Iran's sports industry. This research shows that the convergence of blockchain and sports, especially in the financial, managerial, and fan interaction areas, will lead to the formation of a new era full of development and innovation opportunities in this industry.
Sport Management and Development
MohammadAmin Sayadi; Negin Ahmadi; Iraj Mehdizadeh; Omid Fathullahi
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to Analysis of empowerment indicators for the sustainable development of sports halls using by green energy in west Azerbaijan province.Methodology: The research methodology was descriptive-analytical with qualitative approach. Statistical population was university professors ...
Read More
Objective: This study aimed to Analysis of empowerment indicators for the sustainable development of sports halls using by green energy in west Azerbaijan province.Methodology: The research methodology was descriptive-analytical with qualitative approach. Statistical population was university professors specializing in sports management, civil engineering, architecture, and environmental sciences. Eleven individuals were selected as real samples for semi-structured interviews. The research instrument utilized was in-depth semi-structured interviews. To check the validity of the research, the respondent validation method was used and it was found that the comprehensive, organizing and main themes of the current research were consistent with the obtained conceptual model. The internal consistency of the research findings with the data collected by the central focus group was confirmed to evaluate the study's reliability.Results: The thematic analysis of this study was presented following a review and discussion with the central focus group members. The findings revealed that the most comprehensive themes of research, encompassed two themes: Software empowerment: encompassing human resource, education, attitude, economy and law and regulation. Hardware empowerment: encompassing physical, technological and environmental empowerment.Conclusion: To achieve the sports halls sustainable development with green energy, first of all, there is a need for specialized human resources that they should take action to change people's attitudes towards the optimal use of green energy in sports halls with technological knowledge and proper training. Subsequently, securing legal support is crucial to augmenting the quantity and quality of green energy utilization in these facilities.
Akram Abdoli; Akbar Jaberi; kourosh ghahraman tabrizi
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify the challenges of virtual learning in practical courses at the undergraduate level in the field of physical education and sport sciences.
Methodology: This research was conducted as an exploratory qualitative study using thematic analysis. The research population ...
Read More
Objective: This study aimed to identify the challenges of virtual learning in practical courses at the undergraduate level in the field of physical education and sport sciences.
Methodology: This research was conducted as an exploratory qualitative study using thematic analysis. The research population of the study included professors in the field of sports science and physical education who had experience in virtual teaching of practical courses. Considering the nature of the research, 12 of these professors were purposefully interviewed until theoretical saturation was reached. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and Guba and Lincoln's (1981) criteria were used to assess reliability and validity. Data analysis was performed based on Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-stage method.
Results: Thematic analysis of the data resulted in the identification of 134 codes, 9 sub-themes, and 4 main themes. The main themes of the study were: lack of development and updating, inflexibility and incompatibility, content quality, and lack of support.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that virtual education requires significant changes in the structure and educational content of sports science to be more efficient and effective. Paying attention to these changes can help improve the teaching of sports skills in the context of virtual education.
Sport Management and Development
Mojtaba Ghasemi Siani; Hossein Mansouri; Maryam Vafakhah
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of media consumption in students' attitudes and their intentions to participate in sports activities.Methodology: The present study was descriptive, survey-type, and conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study included ...
Read More
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of media consumption in students' attitudes and their intentions to participate in sports activities.Methodology: The present study was descriptive, survey-type, and conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study included all middle and high school students in Isfahan. According to Morgan's table, the sample size was determined to be 450 people, of which 378 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The sampling method was multi-stage random cluster sampling. The research data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire consisting of items measuring media consumption, attitudes, and intentions. The descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage frequency, Variance, skewness, kurtosis, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (structural equation model) were used to analyze the data.Results: The findings indicated that all three types of media (social networks, the Internet, and local media) influence students' attitudes towards sports activities, with social networks having the greatest impact, followed by the Internet and local media. The findings also showed that attitudes toward sports activities have an impact on students' intention to participate in sports activities.Conclusion: Parents, counselors, and teachers are advised to guide students in the proper use of social media and the Internet so that they can benefit from its positive effects, including an inclination toward sports, while staying away from its harmful effects. Responsible guardians are also advised to plan to make domestic media more attractive so that teenagers can benefit from the positive effects of this media.
Sport Management and Development
Rasoul Nazari; Javad Shahvali Kohshouri; Mohsen Salari
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the future of sports in Fars province and formulating its scenarios for the next 20 years and presenting a strategy. Methodology: The participants of the present study included 30 domestic and foreign sports stakeholders in Fars province ...
Read More
Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the future of sports in Fars province and formulating its scenarios for the next 20 years and presenting a strategy. Methodology: The participants of the present study included 30 domestic and foreign sports stakeholders in Fars province who were selected based on purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews. Trend analysis and uncertainties were used to design the scenarios. First, the project scope was determined, then the main development factors and blind spots were identified with 360-degree feedback. Subsequently, two key uncertainties were developed as the basis for scenario design. In the next step, a detailed and complete definition of the four possible scenarios was made. In the fifth step, an overall strategy based on the scenarios was presented. Using strategic matrices and GIS, the model was presented in a descriptive-analytical manner. Results: The findings showed that there is an unbalanced distribution of sports hardware infrastructure. The most important goal is to promote convergence and inter-sectoral coordination. Deepening the attitudinal attitude to balance the cosmetic factors, synergy of sports activities can be considered as the most important strategies of the sports sector. Based on the findings, the analysis of 23 main strategic factors for the development of sports in Fars province was obtained. Discussion and conclusion: Finally, it led to the production of two key uncertainties: "Privatization based on maximum access to goals (public and championship sports) with a productive approach" and "Sports tourism development",
Sport Management and Development
Mehdi Rasooli; Mohsen Esmaeili
Abstract
Objective: Zurkhaneh sport and Pahlevani wrestling, as one of the ritualistic and cultural heritages of Iran, despite their millennia-long history and ethical-heroic values, have faced multiple challenges in recent years. These include weak advertising, gender exclusivity, negative public perceptions, ...
Read More
Objective: Zurkhaneh sport and Pahlevani wrestling, as one of the ritualistic and cultural heritages of Iran, despite their millennia-long history and ethical-heroic values, have faced multiple challenges in recent years. These include weak advertising, gender exclusivity, negative public perceptions, and lack of financial resources. So, the aim of this research was developing branding startegies for the Iranian Zurkhaneh sport and Pahlevani wrestling federation.
Methodology: This research project aims to identify and propose branding strategies for Zurkhaneh sport and Pahlevani wrestling and is structured into three main sections. First, in-depth interviews were conducted with eight experts, including members of the federation’s board of directors, professional athletes, academic researchers, and Zurkhaneh club owners, to gain insights into the challenges, capacities, and branding priorities. In the second stage, the federation’s strategic plan was analyzed, and brand-related codes were extracted from this document. Finally, a focused working group of sports marketing specialists utilized the collected data to design branding strategies.
Results: The findings indicate that sustainable development of Zurkhaneh sport and Pahlevani wrestling requires a calculated rebranding effort and innovation within traditional frameworks. Key strategies include: establishing "Classic" and "Modern" committees within the federation, gradually facilitating the inclusion of women, integrating the sport into schools and universities, collaborating with other federations and joint events, redesigning Zurkhaneh equipment for fitness clubs, and enhancing advertising and social media presence through the selection of cultural ambassadors. If these strategies are implemented, it is expected that negative public perceptions will shift, a broader audience will be attracted to Zurkhaneh sport and Pahlevani wrestling, sustainable income will be generated for the federation, and the national and international status of this sport will be elevated.
Conclusion: These results can serve as a foundation for planning by sports managers, cultural policymakers, and researchers interested in reviving the Iranian-ritual identity within the realm of sports.
Sport Management and Development
Ehsan Tatari; Mehdi Khatibzade; Farid Pakzad hasanloo; Rasool Norouzi Seyed Hoseini
Abstract
Objective: This study sought to examine the impact of a social marketing campaign on enhancing physical activity levels among elementary school students (grades four to six) in Khorramabad, IranMethodology: The research was quasi-experimental, using experimental and control groups to measure behavioral ...
Read More
Objective: This study sought to examine the impact of a social marketing campaign on enhancing physical activity levels among elementary school students (grades four to six) in Khorramabad, IranMethodology: The research was quasi-experimental, using experimental and control groups to measure behavioral outcomes. A 6-month social marketing campaign, titled "Elementary Energizers: Move, Play, Shine!", was implemented in the experimental group included attractive posters, short motivational animations, family sports festivals, an app design to record students' activities, group incentives and rewards for active students, healthy competition among classes, and various engaging events such as health celebrations and active recreation. Data collection tools included the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (PAQ-C), a researcher-made motor behavior checklist and a satisfaction assessment questionnaire.Results: Statistical analysis showed the experimental group had a significant increase in physical activity scores compared to the control group (p=0.014). A paired t-test showed significant icrease in physical activity in the experimental group (p=0.003). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) confirmed that the intervention group had a significant effect on post-test scores after controlling pre-test scores. Conclusion: The results showed social marketing campaigns can be effective in promoting healthy behaviors, including physical activity of children and adolescents. Parental involvement in the design and implementation of these campaigns played a key role in their success.
Sport Management and Development
Mohammad Amin Savari; Farzam Farzan; Mohammad Ehsani; Yong Jin Yoon
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the emergence and persistence of corruption in Iran’s football industry. It aimed to identify the institutional, structural, and cultural determinants of systemic corruption, with the objective of developing a conceptual and strategic framework to enhance governance ...
Read More
Objective: This study investigated the emergence and persistence of corruption in Iran’s football industry. It aimed to identify the institutional, structural, and cultural determinants of systemic corruption, with the objective of developing a conceptual and strategic framework to enhance governance in professional football.
Methodology: A qualitative research design based on Glaserian Grounded Theory was adopted. Data were gathered through thirteen in-depth, semi-structured interviews with football specialists and key informants from Iran, the United States, Italy, Australia, Qatar, and Iraq. The analytical process involved open, selective, and theoretical coding, conducted using MAXQDA 2024. The resulting conceptual model was developed in accordance with Glaser’s 6C framework, which includes Causes, Contexts, Conditions, Covariance, Contingency, and Consequences.
Results: The findings demonstrated that corruption within Iran’s football industry is deeply rooted and structurally embedded. Key contributing factors included weak institutional governance, political influence, opaque economic practices, a cultural tolerance for corruption, ineffective monitoring systems, and dysfunction within the judicial apparatus. The central phenomenon identified was systemic corruption in the governance of football. Ten overarching themes were incorporated into the final conceptual model, capturing the complexity and multi-layered nature of the issue.
Conclusion: Addressing corruption in football requires comprehensive institutional reform, the establishment of independent oversight bodies, the deployment of transparency-enhancing technologies, the promotion of integrity-driven values, and the consistent enforcement of legal and regulatory frameworks. The conceptual model developed in this study provides a strategic foundation for policymakers and football administrators, particularly in contexts marked by fragile governance systems.
Sport Management and Development
Hosein Zareian; Fatemeh Saeedi; Mohammad Hosein Ghorbani
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify and categorize the factors influencing the improvement of Iran's sports delegation performance in the Asian Games and the Olympic Games, and to provide practical strategies for enhancing this performance.Methodology: A qualitative research design was employed, ...
Read More
Objective: This study aimed to identify and categorize the factors influencing the improvement of Iran's sports delegation performance in the Asian Games and the Olympic Games, and to provide practical strategies for enhancing this performance.Methodology: A qualitative research design was employed, based on the grounded theory approach using Glaser’s emerging method. The statistical population included officials from the Ministry of Sport and Youth, managers of the National Olympic Committee, presidents and secretaries of sports federations, faculty members in sports sciences, as well as coaches and athletes. Theoretical sampling was used, and theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting 25 interviews. Data were analyzed in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.Results: A total of 296 indicators were identified and categorized across three levels (micro, meso, and macro) under 20 main themes and 66 sub-themes. At the micro level, factors such as physiological and physical conditions, psychological aspects, and technical, cognitive, and ethical skills were identified. At the meso level, the main themes included sports management and policymaking, financial resource management, strategic investment, events, support and logistics, facilities and equipment, human resources, media, and research. At the macro level, economic conditions, political relations, laws and regulations, cultural and social factors, modern technologies, and the geographical environment were emphasized.Conclusion: The results indicate that improving the performance of Iran’s sports delegation requires simultaneous attention to micro, meso, and macro level factors. Integration and coordination among these levels can provide the foundation for sustainable success in international sports competitions.
