mohammad sadegh afroozeh; AMENEH MEHRI; ZAHRA NIKNAM
Abstract
Objective: The use of sport to address various social issues, including peace, has been widely welcomed. Accordingly, with the increasing popularity and pervasiveness of sport around the world, the subject of sport and peace in scientific discourses has fascinated many researchers. The purpose of this ...
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Objective: The use of sport to address various social issues, including peace, has been widely welcomed. Accordingly, with the increasing popularity and pervasiveness of sport around the world, the subject of sport and peace in scientific discourses has fascinated many researchers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the thematic discourse on the role of sport in world peace, which was a qualitative study.Methodology: Which was done by systematic review of documents. By reviewing the articles in the period 2015-2021, 35 documents related to the research objectives were selected.Results: Which marks the analysis of documents with 172 coding; 25 concepts and 10 categories were extracted. Finally, the analysis of the data showed that the areas identified for the development of sport-based world peace include budget, educational sport, culture, competence, politics and religion, communities, sporting performance, peace capabilities, effectiveness and leadership. It can play a role in world peace. Can play a role in world peace.Conclusion: These findings provide a basis for researchers to distinguish the next steps. At the same time, it will lead to a stronger literary base and challenge the lack of discourse in this area.
Mohammad keshavarz; Younes Younes Mohammadzadeh; , Hosein Dast barhagh; mohammad sadegh afroozeh
Abstract
Purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of providing a model for improving coalition building policies in sports.Methodology: The current research was a mixed research. The statistical population of the present research in the qualitative part included experts who are knowledgeable about ...
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Purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of providing a model for improving coalition building policies in sports.Methodology: The current research was a mixed research. The statistical population of the present research in the qualitative part included experts who are knowledgeable about the subject of the research. Also, the statistical population in the quantitative part of the research included the managers of sports federations of the country. The research tool included semi-structured interviews and a special questionnaire for Dimtel, which was designed according to the research objectives and methods. Dimtel method was used to identify the pattern of causal relationships between the studied variables.Findings: According to the results of the present research, it was determined that the variables affecting coalition building in sports include improvement of concepts, adaptation and localization, elite decision-making, structuring and indexing, legal aspects, management flows, and knowledge improvement. Also, the factors of improvement of concepts and structuring and indexing were identified as causal factors and other factors as causal factors.Conclusion: The results of this research show that the factor of structuring and indexing with a weight of 0.237 was identified as the most important factor in coalition building in sports.
fatemeh saeedi; noshin benar; Seyed Reza Miraskari
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to examine the barriers to employment in Iran's sports labor market, with a particular emphasis on the macroenvironment, by synthesizing previous research.Methodology: The research employed a qualitative meta-synthesis approach using qualitative content analysis. The statistical ...
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Objective: This study aims to examine the barriers to employment in Iran's sports labor market, with a particular emphasis on the macroenvironment, by synthesizing previous research.Methodology: The research employed a qualitative meta-synthesis approach using qualitative content analysis. The statistical population included all domestic studies conducted between 2001 and 2023. A total of 580 studies relevant to the topic were evaluated, and 31 articles were purposefully selected. Using Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step framework, the findings of previous research related to the study's objectives were analyzed, aggregated, synthesized, and interpreted. Through coding methods, 21 sub-themes and five main themes were identified.Results: The results categorized macroenvironmental barriers to employment in Iran's sports labor market into five main themes: economic barriers, cultural and social barriers, political barriers, knowledge and technology barriers, and legal and regulatory barriers.Conclusion: The findings indicate that employment development in Iran's sports sector faces numerous challenges within the macroenvironment. To address these challenges, a comprehensive and long-term approach by policymakers, managers, and economic stakeholders in this sector is essential. A deeper understanding of macroenvironmental barriers can help design more effective policies and strategies to promote employment in the sports labor market. These strategies may include economic reforms, political improvements, social support, technological advancements, and legal changes. Implementing such measures can create new and sustainable job opportunities in Iran's sports industry.
maryam mallaei; Alimohammad Safania; Mehrdad Moharramzadeh; salah naghshbandu
Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of the current research was to design an entrepreneurship development model in the sports and youth departments of the northwest of the country. This research is descriptive-correlation and applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out in the field in 1402. The statistical population ...
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AbstractThe purpose of the current research was to design an entrepreneurship development model in the sports and youth departments of the northwest of the country. This research is descriptive-correlation and applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out in the field in 1402. The statistical population includes; There were coaches, referees and senior managers, deputy directors of sports and youth department, managers of private clubs, heads of sports teams. In this section, the formula for determining the sample size was used in stratified random sampling (n=217 people). The data collection tool was the questionnaire of Melai Kohi et al. (1402) with 118 questions. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was equal to 0.85 and confirmed. To analyze the data, one-variable statistical tests, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used through SPSS and SmartPLS statistical software. The findings showed that the model of entrepreneurship development in general administrations of sports and youth is suitable and all the numbers and parameters of the model have acceptable t values and factor loading and were significant at a significance level of less than 0.05. It is concluded that the entrepreneurship development model in sports organizations can be used as a practical and effective tool to increase competitiveness, entrepreneurship training, human resource empowerment, formulation of entrepreneurship strategies, development of entrepreneurship culture and attraction of financial and human resources.
Arash Zarei; Shirin Zardoshtian; Homayoun Abbasi; Hossein Eydi; Lugman Emamgholi
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the improvement of social mobility in female athletes.
Methodology: This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. A questionnaire method was used to collect field data, and the opinions of experts ...
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Objective: This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the improvement of social mobility in female athletes.
Methodology: This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. A questionnaire method was used to collect field data, and the opinions of experts were collected through a questionnaire in two basic stages. In the first stage, a questionnaire was used using the Delphi method to identify the components, and in the second part, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the sample members using the DEMET method with a rough approach to investigate and identify the relationships between the components. Also, the statistical population in this study included fourteen specialists and experts.
Results: The results showed that thirty influential sub-criteria were identified and categorized into five main criteria (behavioral factors, gender justice, group factors, Responsibility fors society, and structural factors). Accordingly, the structural factors criterion and the gender justice criterion were obtained as causal criteria and behavioral criteria, Responsibility fors society, and group factors as effects.
Conclusion: Therefore, by removing barriers and increasing investment in women's sports, not only can their social status be improved, but it will also pave the way for a more just and developed society.
azad ahangaran; alireza elahi; Hossein Akbari Yazdi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the current research was to design a volunteer management model in Iran's sports federationsMethodology: In terms of practical purpose, it is qualitative from the perspective of data collection and thematic analysis. The participants of this research include experts (university ...
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Objective: The purpose of the current research was to design a volunteer management model in Iran's sports federationsMethodology: In terms of practical purpose, it is qualitative from the perspective of data collection and thematic analysis. The participants of this research include experts (university professors), sports volunteers, and operational managers of sports volunteering in Iran. Participants in the research were 15 experts. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview.Results: According to the three stages of the PEP model and the three branches, firstly, the structural, contextual and behavioral factors affecting each stage have been presented in the form of a network of themes. The first stage of the PEP volunteer model is preparation, which is of particular importance for identifying and employing volunteers. The second step in the PEP volunteer model is engagement. This stage has an important role to show the importance of volunteers' work, and the third stage in the PEP volunteer model is sustainability. This step is very important to create an effective volunteering systemConclusion: it can be acknowledged that the integrated reliance on the design of the volunteer management model in Iran's sports federations based on structural, contextual and behavioral factors that are effective in the stage of preparation, volunteering and sustainability in the form of a network of themes helps managers in this field to find suitable functional methods with Know the volunteers and step in a clear and purposeful way.
zahra sabzinezhad; Morteza Dousti; farzam Farzan; Homayoun Abbasi
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the phenomenon of migration of elite human capital in the country's sports.Methodology: It is a qualitative research method (data base theory). The statistical population of this research includes experts, experts, professors and trainers in ...
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Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the phenomenon of migration of elite human capital in the country's sports.Methodology: It is a qualitative research method (data base theory). The statistical population of this research includes experts, experts, professors and trainers in the field of this research. Snowball sampling method was used for in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 15 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.81. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used.Findings: Based on the findings of the current research, the determining factors in the migration of the country's sports elites include: causal factors (weak job position in the society and inefficient management system), background factors (economic-political problems and socio-cultural problems), intervening factors (individual and environmental characteristics), strategies (improving the infrastructural condition of the country's sports and improving the social condition of the society) and finally the consequences of this research (decreasing the quality of championship sports and lack of suitable sports model in the society). These categories themselves include 18 concepts and several agents or open codes.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, we conclude by emphasizing the findings of the research and the identified challenges, macro policies and effective measures
Syedeh tahereh Azimzadeh; Morteza Dousti; seyed mohhamad hosein razavi; masoume kalateh seifari
Abstract
The aim of the research was to design the historical and identity model of native, national and ritual sports.The current research method was qualitative (Ostrass and Corbin) and exploratory.The statistical population included local native sports specialists with a university teaching experience or activists ...
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The aim of the research was to design the historical and identity model of native, national and ritual sports.The current research method was qualitative (Ostrass and Corbin) and exploratory.The statistical population included local native sports specialists with a university teaching experience or activists in the field of public sports, experts and officials of sports, policy makers and sports consultants.The sampling method was non-probability sampling, with targeted selection and maximum diversity or heterogeneity. The sample size using the theoretical saturation method was equal to 14 people. The data collection tool was an open interview and was analyzed based on three stages of open, central and selective coding. In the present study, the criteria of long-term involvement, sustained observation, re-inspection of the path of information acquisition, checking, triangulation, and continuous comparison were used to measure the validity. To calculate the reliability, the within-subject agreement method was used, and the reliability between the coders for the conducted interviews. In this research, it was equal to 88%. Based on the findings, causal factors include religious identity and social identity; Background factors including infrastructure and planning; Intervening factors including participation and support; central phenomenon including identification in ritual and national sports; Strategies include executive and structural; Consequences included social and cultural functions. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach to identify the identity and historical concepts of native, national and ritual sports and presented a model to explain the identity and historical pattern of native and ritual sports in the form of a theory.
milad ensafi kochameshki; seyyed mohammad kashef; fatemeh abdavi
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to study the bibliometric study of the research conducted in the field of sustainable development of sports.Methodology: This research is a bibliometric review research and was done with the methods of functional analysis, citation network analysis and ...
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Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to study the bibliometric study of the research conducted in the field of sustainable development of sports.Methodology: This research is a bibliometric review research and was done with the methods of functional analysis, citation network analysis and keyword analysis. In order to draw scientific maps, Excel, Vosviewer, Rstudio and Maxqda software were used. The statistical population of the research is 486 articles, of which 386 articles were selected as a sample during the document screening stage.Findings: The findings of the research show that in the period of 2001 to 2023, 386 documents have been included in the analysis basket of the considered field, of course, 187 publications have published these 386 studies and the annual growth of scientific production In this area, it is 4.28%. The average number of citations that the studies have received is 9.096, which is a very good value in the desired field.Conclusion: by recognizing the best fields of study of sustainable development in sports, which have mostly been conducted in developed countries and some developing countries; We can express these questions: Where is sustainable development in our sports industry? What strategic and operational plans have we developed in this field? Therefore, we can ask the questions derived from the results of this research, which are considered to be the needs of sustainable development in our country and can be very useful research fields of sustainable development in the country's sports.
zohreh karimi; ali mohammad safania; Ali Zarei; Hossein Poursoltani Zarandi; reza nikbakhsh
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research is to provide a model of organizational resilience in Iranian sports organizations. Methodology: This research is a type of combined research. In the qualitative part, foundation data theory with Strauss and Corbin's approach is used, and in the quantitative part, ...
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Objective: The purpose of this research is to provide a model of organizational resilience in Iranian sports organizations. Methodology: This research is a type of combined research. In the qualitative part, foundation data theory with Strauss and Corbin's approach is used, and in the quantitative part, the survey method is used. The research community was university experts and senior and intermediate managers and experts with experience in the field of sports who participated in the interview process using a targeted sampling approach. With 20 people, the research reached information saturation and the theory was completed. Data analysis was done using Maxqda12 software in three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding, and based on that, the qualitative research model was designed. Results: More than 300 initial concept codes were extracted from the interviews, which were reduced to 104 codes after refining the codes and getting credit, which are in the form of 34 concepts and 12 categories in the framework of the paradigm model, including organizational resilience as a central category and causal conditions (planning and implementation, causes political, legal reasons), background factors (economic reasons, management system), intervention conditions (social attitude, cultural reasons), strategies (financial actions, comprehensive approach) and consequences (reduction of financial losses, national and international successes, socio-cultural advantages) ) it placed. Finally, the obtained model was tested among the sports community of 384 people and after fitting the model, the final model of organizational resilience in Iranian sports organizations was obtained.
Rouhollah Khajehkarimoddini; noshin benar; Nader Zali
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify key drivers affecting the future of Iran's sports industry with futures Studies approach.Methodology: In terms of nature, the current research method is based on the methods of future research and foresight, analytical and exploratory, which was ...
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Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify key drivers affecting the future of Iran's sports industry with futures Studies approach.Methodology: In terms of nature, the current research method is based on the methods of future research and foresight, analytical and exploratory, which was carried out by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistical population of the current research was experts (professors, experts, athletes and sports management experts) in the field of sports industry. Sampling was done in a purposeful way and 19 people were selected. After collecting the data of the first stage, 28 items that had gained more points were placed in the matrix and were evaluated and completed according to the opinions of the expert panel and analyzed using Mic Mac software.Results: Based on the results of this research, there are various factors that affect the future of the sports industry, and the most important factors in the future of the Iranian sports industry are: joint hosting of major sports events, management stability, support for new sports businesses, meritocracy and expertise. orientation, modern and technological productions and equipment, forming multinational manufacturing companies, supporting the privatization of clubs and strengthening Iran's position in international institutions and seats.Conclusion: In order to build a bright future for the sports industry of Iran, one should take a special look at the identified key factors.
Bahman Tayebi; Amin Dehghan Ghahfarokhi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate the state of Spatial planning in four Olympic martial sports, wrestling, taekwondo, judo, and boxing.Methodology: The current research method was chosen as a mixed type (qualitative and quantitative). In order to identify the effective indicators ...
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Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate the state of Spatial planning in four Olympic martial sports, wrestling, taekwondo, judo, and boxing.Methodology: The current research method was chosen as a mixed type (qualitative and quantitative). In order to identify the effective indicators in the preparation of the land in championship sports, theoretical foundations and qualitative interviews with elites knowledgeable about the research subject were used until theoretical saturation was reached. In the quantitative part, in order to weight sports land development indicators, the analysis hierarchy method (AHP) and the numerical taxonomy method were used to identify the state of land development in combat sports, and according to the development factor, the provinces of the country were prioritized in each of the sports fields. Boxing in Kermanshah province, taekwondo in Tehran, judo in Razavi Khorasan and wrestling in Mazandaran were the best. Boxing in Hormozgan, Taekwondo in Qom, Judo in Bushehr and wrestling in Semnan were the weakest.Results: Therefore, in order to win more Olympic medals, it is necessary to focus more on 14.6% of developed provinces, and the priority of paying attention to Olympic martial arts, according to the research, is wrestling, boxing, judo, and taekwondo, respectively.Keywords: Spatial planning, sports preparation, sports development, martial arts
Mehrnaz Sabzemeidani; Vahid Shojaei; Mohammad Hami
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to presenting a conceptual model of influencing factors on entrepreneurship education in universities (Study of sports science students)Methodology: The research method was qualitative and based on grounded theory. The statistical population of the research ...
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Objective: The objective of this study was to presenting a conceptual model of influencing factors on entrepreneurship education in universities (Study of sports science students)Methodology: The research method was qualitative and based on grounded theory. The statistical population of the research included faculty members of entrepreneurial management faculties of state universities, faculty members of sports science faculties of state universities across the country with entrepreneurship expertise, special and selected members and lecturers of the employment and entrepreneurship working group of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, and selected sports entrepreneurs of the country. Sampling was determined by snowball method. Data was collected from library sources and previous researches and semi-structured interviews. Next, 19 experts were interviewed, and opinion saturation was reached in 15 people. Then the interview data was analyzed by MAXQDA software.Results: Based on the results of the research in the causal conditions section Indicators such as (Behavioral, Business-based, Creativity-based, Human resources development, Quality), in the context of indicators such as (Communication, Development and Focus, Social), in the strategies section, indicators such as (Strategic, Sustainable, Organizational), in the intervening conditions section, indicators such as (Individual, Functional) and in the outcomes section, indicators such as (Individual, Organizational, Social) were extracted.Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that the programs should be directed towards creativity and innovation and by combining theoretical and practical knowledge related to sports entrepreneurship, they should move from a knowledge-oriented university to an entrepreneurial university.
Ali Sajedi; Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Razavi; Masoumeh Kalateh Seifari
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is prioritizing city parks in designing sports city from the perspective of experts.Methodology: The present study was combined and the tools for data collection of semi-depth interviews with experts in quality and questionnaire in quantitative part with planning ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study is prioritizing city parks in designing sports city from the perspective of experts.Methodology: The present study was combined and the tools for data collection of semi-depth interviews with experts in quality and questionnaire in quantitative part with planning experts, urban architecture and sports management were continued in the qualitative part of interviews until the arrival of Shubaa Nazari. The validity of the data was confirmed by the review of three participants. To confirm the repetition of codes by two experts. The quantitative part of the questionnaire was distributed in 21 questions of 9 values. Validity of the panel of experts and reliability was confirmed using FuzzyAHP package in R software and prioritized using AHP.Results: The results showed that park components are park (0.264), sports park (0.231), public park (0.190), elderly park (0.114), gardens (0.081), amusement park (0.073) and adventure park (0.047).Conclusion: Among the various parks of Park Street, the most important and adventure park is the least important in designing sports city in terms of planning specialists, urban architecture and sports management.
Sport Management and Development
Mohammadrasoul Khodadadi; Maryam Faridfathi; Reza Shahbazi; Samin Jodairy
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present research was to provide a qualitative model for the management of professional football clubs in East Azerbaijan Province.Methodology: The present study is an applied research of qualitative nature, employing the grounded theory method with Glaser's approach. The statistical ...
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Objective: The aim of the present research was to provide a qualitative model for the management of professional football clubs in East Azerbaijan Province.Methodology: The present study is an applied research of qualitative nature, employing the grounded theory method with Glaser's approach. The statistical population of the research consisted of sports management professors, managers of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth, and experts in the field of professional football club management in East Azerbaijan Province. The research sample was selected from among the population members using purposive and snowball sampling methods. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview conducted with 17 experts in the field, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The validity of the research was confirmed by relevant experts, and the reliability of the research instrument was obtained at 85% using the inter-coder agreement method.Results: The research results indicated that the postmodern perspectives, resource management, environmental and spatial management, legal aspects management, organizational management, revenue generation management, communication and media management, resource management, social responsibility management, public relations management, organizational culture management, fan management, and brand management were the 12 key categories in the management of professional football clubs in East Azerbaijan Province.Conclusion: The management of professional clubs can vary for each region and province depending on local conditions, and the results of this research can serve as a model for the management of professional football clubs in East Azerbaijan Province.
Sport Management and Development
Fateme Ghane; Hamidreza Goharrostami; Mostafa MolaeiNejad
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the research was to determine the perceived social effects of championship sports and the degree of relationship with the desire to support.Methodology: The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of students studying in the universities of Rasht ...
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Objective: The aim of the research was to determine the perceived social effects of championship sports and the degree of relationship with the desire to support.Methodology: The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of students studying in the universities of Rasht city was 456 students as a research sample. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sports management professors and reliability using Cronbach's alpha (ɑ = 0.87). SPSS20 software was used for data analysis.Results: According to the results of Friedman's test, there is a significant difference between the perceived social effects of championship sports among university students in Rasht, and the highest perceived social effect is international prestige and political power with an average rank of (7.21) and the lowest with The average rating (2.52) was related to the ability and quality of life of the athletes. The commonality of all the effects and relationships in the surveys was good feeling and enthusiasm, sports participation and health, equality and social inclusion, local consumption and living conditions, which cause support for championship sports.Conclusion: According to the results, sports managers and policymakers should pay attention to the social effects that explain the desire to support and use them in justifying the policies and investments of championship sports so that the policies are supported by the society.
Sport Management and Development
Mehdi Salimi; Mosayeb Mirhosseini; Amir Hossein Labbaf
Abstract
Objective: This study analyzes the effects of blockchain technology on the future of Iran's sports industry.
Methodology: This research is applied and uses a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative phase, thematic analysis and the Glaser approach were used to extract ...
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Objective: This study analyzes the effects of blockchain technology on the future of Iran's sports industry.
Methodology: This research is applied and uses a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative phase, thematic analysis and the Glaser approach were used to extract concepts and patterns, and the data were analyzed through open and axial coding. In the quantitative phase, the structural equation model was analyzed using SmartPLS version 4 software. The statistical population in the qualitative phase consisted of 23 experts and specialists who were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods. In the quantitative phase, 272 stakeholders from sports clubs responded to the questionnaire, and the reliability and validity of the proposed models were evaluated using various methods.
Results: In the qualitative phase, eight main categories were identified from the analysis of interviews, including facilitation of communications, cost reduction, innovation in revenue generation, data transparency and security, and enhancement of fan experience. In the quantitative phase, the structural model was confirmed using structural equation modeling, and the factor loading coefficients indicated that the model has a good fit. This research confirmed the effects of blockchain in improving contract management, developing trust, and exploiting economic benefits in Iran's sports industry.
Conclusion: Blockchain can create fundamental and sustainable transformations in Iran's sports industry. This research shows that the convergence of blockchain and sports, especially in the financial, managerial, and fan interaction areas, will lead to the formation of a new era full of development and innovation opportunities in this industry.
Sport Management and Development
MohammadAmin Sayadi; Negin Ahmadi; Iraj Mehdizadeh; Omid Fathullahi
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to Analysis of empowerment indicators for the sustainable development of sports halls using by green energy in west Azerbaijan province.Methodology: The research methodology was descriptive-analytical with qualitative approach. Statistical population was university professors ...
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Objective: This study aimed to Analysis of empowerment indicators for the sustainable development of sports halls using by green energy in west Azerbaijan province.Methodology: The research methodology was descriptive-analytical with qualitative approach. Statistical population was university professors specializing in sports management, civil engineering, architecture, and environmental sciences. Eleven individuals were selected as real samples for semi-structured interviews. The research instrument utilized was in-depth semi-structured interviews. To check the validity of the research, the respondent validation method was used and it was found that the comprehensive, organizing and main themes of the current research were consistent with the obtained conceptual model. The internal consistency of the research findings with the data collected by the central focus group was confirmed to evaluate the study's reliability.Results: The thematic analysis of this study was presented following a review and discussion with the central focus group members. The findings revealed that the most comprehensive themes of research, encompassed two themes: Software empowerment: encompassing human resource, education, attitude, economy and law and regulation. Hardware empowerment: encompassing physical, technological and environmental empowerment.Conclusion: To achieve the sports halls sustainable development with green energy, first of all, there is a need for specialized human resources that they should take action to change people's attitudes towards the optimal use of green energy in sports halls with technological knowledge and proper training. Subsequently, securing legal support is crucial to augmenting the quantity and quality of green energy utilization in these facilities.
Akram Abdoli; Akbar Jaberi; kourosh ghahraman tabrizi
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify the challenges of virtual learning in practical courses at the undergraduate level in the field of physical education and sport sciences.
Methodology: This research was conducted as an exploratory qualitative study using thematic analysis. The research population ...
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Objective: This study aimed to identify the challenges of virtual learning in practical courses at the undergraduate level in the field of physical education and sport sciences.
Methodology: This research was conducted as an exploratory qualitative study using thematic analysis. The research population of the study included professors in the field of sports science and physical education who had experience in virtual teaching of practical courses. Considering the nature of the research, 12 of these professors were purposefully interviewed until theoretical saturation was reached. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and Guba and Lincoln's (1981) criteria were used to assess reliability and validity. Data analysis was performed based on Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-stage method.
Results: Thematic analysis of the data resulted in the identification of 134 codes, 9 sub-themes, and 4 main themes. The main themes of the study were: lack of development and updating, inflexibility and incompatibility, content quality, and lack of support.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that virtual education requires significant changes in the structure and educational content of sports science to be more efficient and effective. Paying attention to these changes can help improve the teaching of sports skills in the context of virtual education.
Sport Management and Development
Mojtaba Ghasemi Siani; Hossein Mansouri; Maryam Vafakhah
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of media consumption in students' attitudes and their intentions to participate in sports activities.Methodology: The present study was descriptive, survey-type, and conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study included ...
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of media consumption in students' attitudes and their intentions to participate in sports activities.Methodology: The present study was descriptive, survey-type, and conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study included all middle and high school students in Isfahan. According to Morgan's table, the sample size was determined to be 450 people, of which 378 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The sampling method was multi-stage random cluster sampling. The research data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire consisting of items measuring media consumption, attitudes, and intentions. The descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage frequency, Variance, skewness, kurtosis, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (structural equation model) were used to analyze the data.Results: The findings indicated that all three types of media (social networks, the Internet, and local media) influence students' attitudes towards sports activities, with social networks having the greatest impact, followed by the Internet and local media. The findings also showed that attitudes toward sports activities have an impact on students' intention to participate in sports activities.Conclusion: Parents, counselors, and teachers are advised to guide students in the proper use of social media and the Internet so that they can benefit from its positive effects, including an inclination toward sports, while staying away from its harmful effects. Responsible guardians are also advised to plan to make domestic media more attractive so that teenagers can benefit from the positive effects of this media.
Sport Management and Development
Rasoul Nazari; Javad Shahvali Kohshouri; Mohsen Salari
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the future of sports in Fars province and formulating its scenarios for the next 20 years and presenting a strategy. Methodology: The participants of the present study included 30 domestic and foreign sports stakeholders in Fars province ...
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Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the future of sports in Fars province and formulating its scenarios for the next 20 years and presenting a strategy. Methodology: The participants of the present study included 30 domestic and foreign sports stakeholders in Fars province who were selected based on purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews. Trend analysis and uncertainties were used to design the scenarios. First, the project scope was determined, then the main development factors and blind spots were identified with 360-degree feedback. Subsequently, two key uncertainties were developed as the basis for scenario design. In the next step, a detailed and complete definition of the four possible scenarios was made. In the fifth step, an overall strategy based on the scenarios was presented. Using strategic matrices and GIS, the model was presented in a descriptive-analytical manner. Results: The findings showed that there is an unbalanced distribution of sports hardware infrastructure. The most important goal is to promote convergence and inter-sectoral coordination. Deepening the attitudinal attitude to balance the cosmetic factors, synergy of sports activities can be considered as the most important strategies of the sports sector. Based on the findings, the analysis of 23 main strategic factors for the development of sports in Fars province was obtained. Discussion and conclusion: Finally, it led to the production of two key uncertainties: "Privatization based on maximum access to goals (public and championship sports) with a productive approach" and "Sports tourism development",
Sport Management and Development
Mehdi Rasooli; Mohsen Esmaeili
Abstract
Objective: Zurkhaneh sport and Pahlevani wrestling, as one of the ritualistic and cultural heritages of Iran, despite their millennia-long history and ethical-heroic values, have faced multiple challenges in recent years. These include weak advertising, gender exclusivity, negative public perceptions, ...
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Objective: Zurkhaneh sport and Pahlevani wrestling, as one of the ritualistic and cultural heritages of Iran, despite their millennia-long history and ethical-heroic values, have faced multiple challenges in recent years. These include weak advertising, gender exclusivity, negative public perceptions, and lack of financial resources. So, the aim of this research was developing branding startegies for the Iranian Zurkhaneh sport and Pahlevani wrestling federation. Methodology: This research project aims to identify and propose branding strategies for Zurkhaneh sport and Pahlevani wrestling and is structured into three main sections. First, in-depth interviews were conducted with eight experts, including members of the federation’s board of directors, professional athletes, academic researchers, and Zurkhaneh club owners, to gain insights into the challenges, capacities, and branding priorities. In the second stage, the federation’s strategic plan was analyzed, and brand-related codes were extracted from this document. Finally, a focused working group of sports marketing specialists utilized the collected data to design branding strategies.Results: The findings indicate that sustainable development of Zurkhaneh sport and Pahlevani wrestling requires a calculated rebranding effort and innovation within traditional frameworks. Key strategies include: establishing "Classic" and "Modern" committees within the federation, gradually facilitating the inclusion of women, integrating the sport into schools and universities, collaborating with other federations and joint events, redesigning Zurkhaneh equipment for fitness clubs, and enhancing advertising and social media presence through the selection of cultural ambassadors. If these strategies are implemented, it is expected that negative public perceptions will shift, a broader audience will be attracted to Zurkhaneh sport and Pahlevani wrestling, sustainable income will be generated for the federation, and the national and international status of this sport will be elevated.Conclusion: These results can serve as a foundation for planning by sports managers, cultural policymakers, and researchers interested in reviving the Iranian-ritual identity within the realm of sports.
Sport Management and Development
Ehsan Tatari; Mehdi Khatibzade; Farid Pakzad hasanloo; Rasool Norouzi Seyed Hoseini
Abstract
Objective: This study sought to examine the impact of a social marketing campaign on enhancing physical activity levels among elementary school students (grades four to six) in Khorramabad, IranMethodology: The research was quasi-experimental, using experimental and control groups to measure behavioral ...
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Objective: This study sought to examine the impact of a social marketing campaign on enhancing physical activity levels among elementary school students (grades four to six) in Khorramabad, IranMethodology: The research was quasi-experimental, using experimental and control groups to measure behavioral outcomes. A 6-month social marketing campaign, titled "Elementary Energizers: Move, Play, Shine!", was implemented in the experimental group included attractive posters, short motivational animations, family sports festivals, an app design to record students' activities, group incentives and rewards for active students, healthy competition among classes, and various engaging events such as health celebrations and active recreation. Data collection tools included the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (PAQ-C), a researcher-made motor behavior checklist and a satisfaction assessment questionnaire.Results: Statistical analysis showed the experimental group had a significant increase in physical activity scores compared to the control group (p=0.014). A paired t-test showed significant icrease in physical activity in the experimental group (p=0.003). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) confirmed that the intervention group had a significant effect on post-test scores after controlling pre-test scores. Conclusion: The results showed social marketing campaigns can be effective in promoting healthy behaviors, including physical activity of children and adolescents. Parental involvement in the design and implementation of these campaigns played a key role in their success.
Sport Management and Development
Mohammad Amin Savari; Farzam Farzan; Mohammad Ehsani; Yong Jin Yoon
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the emergence and persistence of corruption in Iran’s football industry. It aimed to identify the institutional, structural, and cultural determinants of systemic corruption, with the objective of developing a conceptual and strategic framework to enhance governance ...
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Objective: This study investigated the emergence and persistence of corruption in Iran’s football industry. It aimed to identify the institutional, structural, and cultural determinants of systemic corruption, with the objective of developing a conceptual and strategic framework to enhance governance in professional football.Methodology: A qualitative research design based on Glaserian Grounded Theory was adopted. Data were gathered through thirteen in-depth, semi-structured interviews with football specialists and key informants from Iran, the United States, Italy, Australia, Qatar, and Iraq. The analytical process involved open, selective, and theoretical coding, conducted using MAXQDA 2024. The resulting conceptual model was developed in accordance with Glaser’s 6C framework, which includes Causes, Contexts, Conditions, Covariance, Contingency, and Consequences.Results: The findings demonstrated that corruption within Iran’s football industry is deeply rooted and structurally embedded. Key contributing factors included weak institutional governance, political influence, opaque economic practices, a cultural tolerance for corruption, ineffective monitoring systems, and dysfunction within the judicial apparatus. The central phenomenon identified was systemic corruption in the governance of football. Ten overarching themes were incorporated into the final conceptual model, capturing the complexity and multi-layered nature of the issue.Conclusion: Addressing corruption in football requires comprehensive institutional reform, the establishment of independent oversight bodies, the deployment of transparency-enhancing technologies, the promotion of integrity-driven values, and the consistent enforcement of legal and regulatory frameworks. The conceptual model developed in this study provides a strategic foundation for policymakers and football administrators, particularly in contexts marked by fragile governance systems.
Sport Management and Development
Hosein Zareian; Fatemeh Saeedi; Mohammad Hosein Ghorbani
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify and categorize the factors influencing the improvement of Iran's sports delegation performance in the Asian Games and the Olympic Games, and to provide practical strategies for enhancing this performance.Methodology: A qualitative research design was employed, ...
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Objective: This study aimed to identify and categorize the factors influencing the improvement of Iran's sports delegation performance in the Asian Games and the Olympic Games, and to provide practical strategies for enhancing this performance.Methodology: A qualitative research design was employed, based on the grounded theory approach using Glaser’s emerging method. The statistical population included officials from the Ministry of Sport and Youth, managers of the National Olympic Committee, presidents and secretaries of sports federations, faculty members in sports sciences, as well as coaches and athletes. Theoretical sampling was used, and theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting 25 interviews. Data were analyzed in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.Results: A total of 296 indicators were identified and categorized across three levels (micro, meso, and macro) under 20 main themes and 66 sub-themes. At the micro level, factors such as physiological and physical conditions, psychological aspects, and technical, cognitive, and ethical skills were identified. At the meso level, the main themes included sports management and policymaking, financial resource management, strategic investment, events, support and logistics, facilities and equipment, human resources, media, and research. At the macro level, economic conditions, political relations, laws and regulations, cultural and social factors, modern technologies, and the geographical environment were emphasized.Conclusion: The results indicate that improving the performance of Iran’s sports delegation requires simultaneous attention to micro, meso, and macro level factors. Integration and coordination among these levels can provide the foundation for sustainable success in international sports competitions.
Sport Management and Development
Mehdi Nasiri Khouzani; Mehr Ali Hemati Nezhad; Roya Boveiri; Farahnaz Shams; Sajad Gholami Torksaloyeh
Abstract
Objective: This research aims to proposing a model for the success of Iran‘s Paralympic sport in international events.Methodology: The research employed a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. The interviewees consisted of experts and specialists in the field of sports, particularly ...
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Objective: This research aims to proposing a model for the success of Iran‘s Paralympic sport in international events.Methodology: The research employed a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. The interviewees consisted of experts and specialists in the field of sports, particularly Paralympic sports. A purposive sampling method was used, and data saturation served as the criterion for determining sample adequacy. Accordingly, 22 semi-structured interviews were conducted.Results: A total of 310 initial concepts, 37 sub-categories, and 13 main categories were extracted, which, within the framework of the paradigmatic model, include: Contextual factors (establishing supportive regulations, the role of mass and social media, and a comprehensive model for sporting events), Causal conditions (promoting a culture of the right to sport, education with a research-oriented approach, and the development of equipment using modern technologies), Intervening conditions (challenges facing the success of Paralympic sports, the development of financial resources and income generation, and interaction and synergy among stakeholder organizations), Strategies (the necessity of adapting urban sports centers, establishing a comprehensive talent identification system, and promoting sports for women with disabilities) and Outcomes (enhancing social and athletic status, fostering champions, and achieving medals).Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it is recommended to develop educational programs, increase the per capita availability of specialized and standard sports facilities, provide specialized and smart training equipment, establish a rehabilitation center, implement talent identification and development processes, actively participate in competitions, and enforce supportive regulations for sports for individuals with disabilities.
Mahdi Fooladi Kashkooei; Reza Andam; Hasan Bahrololoum; Mojtaba Rajabi; Faezeh Abdollahnezhad
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the tourism experience on satisfaction, revisit intention, and attachment among sports tourists.Methodology: This study employed a meta-analysis method and a quantitative approach, aiming to systematically combine and analyze domestic ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the tourism experience on satisfaction, revisit intention, and attachment among sports tourists.Methodology: This study employed a meta-analysis method and a quantitative approach, aiming to systematically combine and analyze domestic and international studies on the sport tourism experience from 2004 to 2024. After applying the inclusion criteria, 22 studies were ultimately selected for final analysis and inclusion in the software. The data were selected through purposive sampling and analyzed using CMA2 software, with the effect size of each study calculated.Results: The results showed that out of the 22 studies included in this research, 19 were journal articles. The largest sample size was related to the study by Hallmann et al (2021). The findings also indicated that the tourism experience variable could have a significant impact on satisfaction, attachment, and revisit intention among sports event tourists. Furthermore, the software output reported that the effect size in all studies was above average and statistically significant.Conclusion: The meta-analysis results revealed that the experience of sports events significantly influences satisfaction, attachment, and revisit intention. Overall, these findings suggest that a high-quality event experience not only enhances satisfaction but also fosters emotional bonds and return intentions. Therefore, improving positive experience elements is essential for retaining and expanding the audience and should be a key focus in event design and management.
Sport Management and Development
Saeed Abdi; Rahim Ramzaninezhad; HamidRaeza Goharrostami
Abstract
The goal of the research was to design a model for professionalizing student sports. In terms of its applied purpose, it was descriptive-correlational in nature.The statistical population of the research was all managers, experts from the Deputy of Physical Education and Health of the Ministry of Education ...
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The goal of the research was to design a model for professionalizing student sports. In terms of its applied purpose, it was descriptive-correlational in nature.The statistical population of the research was all managers, experts from the Deputy of Physical Education and Health of the Ministry of Education and the provinces, and physical education teachers. A sufficient number of statistical samples were selected and surveyed for structural equation modeling(369 people).A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, the face validity of which was confirmed by 15 experts.The reliability of this tool was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test(0.99)and its composite reliability was also confirmed. Structural equation modeling was used inPLS4andSPSS26software to analyze the data and examine the fit of the model.The results showed that the effect of professionalization opportunities and professionalization requirements on professionalization management was direct, positive, and significant.The effect of professionalization management on human capital empowerment and resource optimization was, positive,and significant, but it did not directly affect the interorganizational efficiency variable.Also, the effect of human capital empowerment and resource optimization on interorganizational efficiency was direct, positive, and significant.The effect of inter-organizational efficiency on health and wellness programs, education and learning, and holding events was also direct, positive, and significant.Likewise, the effect of health program variables, education and learning, and holding events on professional development is direct, positive, and significant. Considering the capacities that exist in student sports and recognizing professionalization paths, various programs and activities in student sports can be moved from a normal level to an advanced level.
Sport Management and Development
Samar Atta Jafar; Rahim Ramezani nejhad; Noshin Benar
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present research was to present a smart sports tourism model in order to develop sustainable sports tourism in the Kurdistan Region based on structural modeling.Methodology: This research is quantitative in terms of implementation, applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey ...
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Objective: The purpose of the present research was to present a smart sports tourism model in order to develop sustainable sports tourism in the Kurdistan Region based on structural modeling.Methodology: This research is quantitative in terms of implementation, applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type. The statistical population of the research included all tourists in the tourist areas of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq who were selected through purposeful and accessible sampling (223 people). For measurement, a researcher-made questionnaire with 71 items and a Likert scale scoring system were used, and SmartPLS version 4 software was used for data analysis and modeling.Results: The results showed that in the designed model of smart sports tourism, the requirements for the development of smart sports tourism (smart economy, smart society, smart governance, and smart technologies) with an impact coefficient of 0.932 had an impact on smart sports tourism services (smart nutrition, smart attraction, smart transportation, smart shopping, and smart payment) with an impact coefficient of 0.423 on the sustainable development of smart sports tourism, and the conceptual model of the research was confirmed.Conclusion: Implementing the requirements for smart tourism in all four macro-level areas, such as governance, society, economy, and technology, will lead to the development of sustainable sports tourism, and managers and responsible institutions must strengthen smart platforms in these sectors so that smart services in sports tourism can have an impact on the development of sports tourism.
Sport Management and Development
Mohammad Sadegh Vaghar; Hamidreza Goharrostami; Rahim Ramzaninezhad
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to propose a framework for aligning sports development pathways by leveraging the capacities of sports organizations in Iran.Methodology: This qualitative research employed thematic analysis with the participation of 16 experienced sports management professors and managers. ...
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Objective: This study aims to propose a framework for aligning sports development pathways by leveraging the capacities of sports organizations in Iran.Methodology: This qualitative research employed thematic analysis with the participation of 16 experienced sports management professors and managers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and systematic literature review. The validity and reliability of the data were confirmed through expert review and coder agreement.Findings: The analysis yielded 170 conceptual codes, 39 sub-themes, 11 main themes, and 5 overarching themes, including organizational capacity assessment, system capacity building, capacity utilization, development alignment, and sustainable capacity for sports development and peace. The results indicated that effective use of organizational capacities requires addressing challenges, adapting to environmental conditions, structural and managerial efficiency, systemic capacity identification, strategic interventions, and optimization of mechanisms.Conclusion: The study underscores the need for an integrated and purposeful approach to harness the diverse capacities of sports organizations to achieve sustainable development goals in Iranian sport. Without comprehensive capacity recognition and strategic utilization within theoretical and operational frameworks, such goals remain unattainable. The proposed model provides a practical tool for policymakers and sports managers to revise strategies, strengthen organizational infrastructures, and enhance cross-sectoral coordination, thereby facilitating sustainable sports development and promoting its national and international role.
Yaghoub Mohamadi; Alireza Elahi; Hossein Akbari Yazdi
Abstract
Objective: In today’s competitive world, neuromarketing plays a prominent role in the sports industry as an innovative and effective tool for gaining deeper insights into consumer behavior. By combining neuroscience and psychology, this approach helps event organizers and sports organizations make ...
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Objective: In today’s competitive world, neuromarketing plays a prominent role in the sports industry as an innovative and effective tool for gaining deeper insights into consumer behavior. By combining neuroscience and psychology, this approach helps event organizers and sports organizations make smarter decisions in attracting fans, designing advertisements, and increasing public engagement. This study aims to review and analyze the content of research conducted in the field of neuromarketing in sports management. Methodology: Using content analysis of scientific documents, 25 articles published between 2014 and 2024 were reviewed. The search was conducted using relevant keywords in reputable databases, and the selected articles were analyzed based on methodology, authors, universities, and research tools.Results: The analysis reveals that the "Sports Management" journal has published the highest number of articles in this field. The Universities of Kurdistan, Allameh Tabataba'i, and Islamic Azad (Science and Research Branch) emerged as leading institutions. Over 50% of studies utilized EEG, while methods like eye-tracking and functional imaging saw more limited application. Additionally, three-author articles showed the highest frequency, with English-language citations dominating the references.Conclusion: The results suggest that neuromarketing research in sports management has mainly focused on EEG, while advanced neuroscience methods have been underutilized. Expanding interdisciplinary collaborations, investing in research equipment, increasing awareness among sports managers, and publishing articles in international journals can enhance the quality of research and expand this field.
Ali Jamshidi; Amin Khatibi; Seyed Hossein Marashian; Esmaeil Veisia
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the factors affecting transgender people’s participation in sports and the consequences of such participation.
Methodology: This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and using thematic analysis method. In order to collect data, in-depth and semi-structured ...
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Objective: This study aimed to explore the factors affecting transgender people’s participation in sports and the consequences of such participation.
Methodology: This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and using thematic analysis method. In order to collect data, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experts in sports management and social sciences. Thematic analysis method of Braun & Clarke (2006) and MAXQDA software were used to analyze the data, and 218 initial statements were obtained.
Results: In the section of factors influencing the sports activities of transgender people, eight main themes were identified, the most important of which were security concerns and privacy, cultural and social restrictions, and the role of family and their support. The consequences section had five main themes: improved mental and physical health, positive social development and interactions, enhanced gender identity and self-recognition, post-participation psychological challenges and pressures, and new social and employment opportunities. The study's findings showed that various individual and structural factors affect transgender individuals' participation in sports. This involvement can also have a positive impact on the quality of life, gender identity, and social development of this group.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that sports are a key tool for improving the quality of life for transgender individuals, but achieving this requires macro-level planning, policy reform, and the creation of safe and inclusive environments in society.
Sport Management and Development
Masumeh Fadaeidehcheshmeh; Seyed Reza Hosseini Nia; Mohammad Mahdi Rahmati; Hadi Bagheri
Abstract
Objective: The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of sport in women's identity formation in Iran.
Methodology: This study was conducted using an exploratory mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, a constructivist grounded theory approach (Charmaz) was employed, ...
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Objective: The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of sport in women's identity formation in Iran.
Methodology: This study was conducted using an exploratory mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, a constructivist grounded theory approach (Charmaz) was employed, while the quantitative phase utilized Fuzzy DANP, a technique within multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). The qualitative sample included female athletes at amateur, championship, and professional levels, as well as national team coaches and academic experts in sports management and sociology specializing in women’s sports research, until theoretical saturation was reached. In the quantitative phase, 15 experts knowledgeable about women’s sports and professional female athletes were selected. The research instruments comprised semi-structured interviews for the qualitative phase and a Fuzzy DANP pairwise comparison questionnaire for the quantitative phase.
Results: The analysis of 380 initial codes in this study resulted in 41 focused codes (concepts), which were ultimately reduced to 9 main categories. Eight of these primary categories were identified as influential factors in women’s identity formation and subsequently prioritized using the Fuzzy DANP pairwise comparison method. The results of the Fuzzy DANP analysis indicate that these factors do not have equal influence. Among them, the role of coaches (0.1317) emerged as the most influential factor in the identity formation process, followed by empowerment of women in other aspects of life through sports (0.1302), gender stereotypes (0.1293), and enhancement of women’s psychological strength through sports (0.1287). In contrast, factors such as overt gender discrimination (0.1269), gendered perspectives on sports disciplines (0.1212), obstacles created through regulations (0.1177), and low levels of women’s physical literacy (0.1141) ranked lower in terms of influence.
Conclusion: The process of women’s identity formation through sports is primarily influenced by supportive and empowering factors, particularly the role of coaches, whereas structural barriers and gender-based discrimination exert a comparatively lesser impact. Therefore, strengthening the role of coaches, enhancing empowering sports opportunities, and reforming discriminatory policies can facilitate the identity development of women in the athletic context.
Fatemeh Hadipoor; Shahram Shafiee; Hossein Brakhas
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the political and economic consequences of women's presence in stadiums on the credibility of Iranian football with the mediating role of media flow and sports cultural diplomacy.Methodology: This research was descriptive-correlational ...
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Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the political and economic consequences of women's presence in stadiums on the credibility of Iranian football with the mediating role of media flow and sports cultural diplomacy.Methodology: This research was descriptive-correlational in nature, applied in purpose, and conducted through a field study approach. The statistical population consisted of sports managers and experts, coaches, referees, athletes, and university faculty members. A sufficient sample size for modeling was selected non-randomly and conveniently and analyzed (101 individuals). The measurement tools included a questionnaire on political consequences (10 items), economic consequences (7 items), media flow (6 items), sports cultural diplomacy (6 items), and football credibility (14 items), based on a five-point Likert scale. The content and face validity of these tools were confirmed by experts in the fields of football, women's sports, and sports management professors (11 individuals), and composite reliability, construct validity, convergent validity, and divergent validity were established using factor analysis. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and SmartPLS 3 software.Results: The results indicated that the political and economic consequences of women's presence significantly affected media flow, sports cultural diplomacy, and the credibility of Iranian football. Media flow and sports cultural diplomacy had a significant effect on the credibility of Iranian football. Additionally, the Sobel test results demonstrated that the political and economic consequences significantly influenced the credibility of Iranian football through the mediating roles of media flow and sports cultural diplomacy.Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the credibility of Iranian football stems not only from sports performance but also from its ability to intelligently manage the social, political, and economic dimensions of women's presence, leverage media power, and employ active diplomacy. These synergistic factors contribute to consolidating and enhancing the position of this sport both nationally and globally.
Sport Management and Development
Hasan Gholami Ghajari; Hamidreza Goharrostami
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to analyze the stability-efficiency of competitiveness in elite sports of the Islamic Republic of Iran at the Summer Olympic Games.
Methodology: This applied, descriptive-analytical study used a quantitative approach. The research population included all elite sports ...
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Objective: The present study aimed to analyze the stability-efficiency of competitiveness in elite sports of the Islamic Republic of Iran at the Summer Olympic Games.
Methodology: This applied, descriptive-analytical study used a quantitative approach. The research population included all elite sports of Iran that won at least one medal in the Summer Olympic Games 2000-2024. Sampling was conducted census of medal-winning disciplines. Data were extracted from the official source, the Hall of Fame of the National Olympic Committee and the official website of the International Olympic Committee. Then, using researcher-developed metrics, the efficiency and stability of medal achievement were calculated, and a four-quadrant matrix was constructed to analyze the competitiveness of elite sports. The face and content validity of the researcher-developed metrics were confirmed by professors of sports management. Reliability was assessed and verified through a test-retest procedure.
Results: Wrestling, Karate, and Taekwondo were positioned in the strategic elite competitiveness quadrant of the Stability-Efficiency matrix. Weightlifting was placed in the low-performing stable competitiveness quadrant, while shooting and athletics were classified under the low-performing unstable competitiveness quadrant.
Conclusion: Although Wrestling and Taekwondo are located in the strategic elite competitiveness position, given rival investments, focus should first be on maintaining their current standing, then planning performance improvement in future editions. Karate requires international negotiation to return to the Olympics. Weightlifting is stable but low-performing; efficiency must improve to ensure stability does not decline in future editions. Shooting and athletics require fundamental revision of elite sport development programs to enhance competitiveness.
Sport Management and Development
Amir Hossein Labbaf; Mehdi Salimi; Mohammad Soltan Hosseini
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to present a model for the financial success of Iran's Premier League football clubs.Methodology: The research employed a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative part was based on Grounded Theory with Charmaz's approach. ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to present a model for the financial success of Iran's Premier League football clubs.Methodology: The research employed a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative part was based on Grounded Theory with Charmaz's approach. The statistical population for the qualitative section consisted of senior managers of the Football Federation and the League Organization, CEOs of clubs, senior financial managers of clubs, and academic experts in sports management. Purposeful sampling was used along with the snowball method. A total of 18 interviews were conducted, concluding when theoretical saturation was reached. For the quantitative part, a questionnaire was designed based on the final findings from the qualitative section. The statistical sample for the quantitative section included 185 experts in sports management, financial management, financial experts of clubs, and members of the clubs' boards of directors, with available sampling. Quantitative data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in SPSS and SmartPLS.Results: Revenue generation, upstream rules and regulations, technical conditions, managerial strategies, fan engagement system, requirements, and club resources, with impact coefficients of 0.240, 0.195, 0.183, 0.182, 0.179, 0.064, 0.050 respectively, are the most important factors contributing to the financial success of Premier League football clubs.Conclusion: Achieving financial success for Premier League football clubs requires comprehensive attention to these factors and will enable clubs to reach their financial goals and secure a sustainable future. Clubs should evaluate their performance and adopt innovative approaches to move toward achieving financial goals and sustainable development.
