نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزش، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

2 استادیار مدیریت ورزش، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

3 دانشیار جامعه شناسی، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران

چکیده

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش ورزش در هویت بخشی زنان در ایران انجام گرفته است.
روش‌شناسی: این پژوهش با روش آمیخته اکتشافی انجام و در بخش کیفی از روش برساخت‎گرا (چارمز) و در بخش کمی از معیارهای تصمیم‌گیری چند معیاره (دنپ فازی) استفاده شد. نمونه پژوهش در بخش کیفی تمام ورزشکاران در سطح آماتور، قهرمانی و حرفه‌ای همچنین مربیان تیم‌های ملی و متخصصان علمی و دانشگاهی در حوزه مدیریت ورزشی و جامعه‌شناسی با تخصص در پژوهش ورزش زنان (تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری) و در بخش کمی 15 نفر از متخصصان آگاه با موضوع ورزش زنان و ورزشکاران حرفه‌ای زن بودند. ابزار پژوهش شامل مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته (کیفی) و پرسشنامه مقایسات زوجی دنپ فازی (کمی) بود.
یافته‌ها: برآیند تحلیل 380 کد اولیه اصلی در این پژوهش، 41 کد متمرکز (مفهوم) بود که در نهایت به 9 مقوله اصلی تقلیل پیدا کردند. 8 مورد از این مقولات اصلی به عنوان عوامل اثرگذار بر هویت‎بخشی زنان استخراج شدند و سپس  به روش دنپ فازی اولویت‌‏‏بندی شدند. نتایج  نشان می‌دهد «کارکرد مربی» (0/1317) بیشترین تأثیر را در فرآیند هویت‌بخشی دارد و پس از آن «توانمندسازی زنان در زندگی از طریق ورزش» (0/1302)، «کلیشه‌های جنسیتی»  (0.1293) «افزایش قدرت روانی زنان از طریق ورزش» (0/1287) در رتبه‌های بعدی و در ادامه «تبعیض جنسیتی» (0/1269)، «نگاه جنسیتی به رشته‌ها»  (0/1212)، «مانع‏‌تراشی از طریق قوانین» (0/1177) و «سطح پایین سواد بدنی زنان» (0/1141) در رتبه‌های پایین‌تر قرار گرفتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: فرآیند هویت‌بخشی زنان از طریق ورزش بیش از هر چیز تحت تأثیر عوامل حمایتی و توانمندسازی به‌ویژه نقش مربیان قرار دارد، در حالی که موانع ساختاری تبعیض‌‏های جنسیتی اثر کمتری دارند. بنابراین، تقویت نقش مربیان، ارتقای فرصت‌های توانمندساز ورزشی و اصلاح سیاست‌های تبعیض‌آمیز می‌تواند مسیر هویت‌یابی زنان را تسهیل نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sport and Women's Identity Development in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masumeh Fadaeidehcheshmeh 1
  • Seyed Reza Hosseini Nia 2
  • Mohammad Mahdi Rahmati 3
  • Hadi Bagheri 2

1 PhD Candidate in Sport Management, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

3 Associate Professor of Sociology, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Objective: The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of sport in women's identity formation in Iran.
Methodology: This study was conducted using an exploratory mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, a constructivist grounded theory approach (Charmaz) was employed, while the quantitative phase utilized Fuzzy DANP, a technique within multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). The qualitative sample included female athletes at amateur, championship, and professional levels, as well as national team coaches and academic experts in sports management and sociology specializing in women’s sports research, until theoretical saturation was reached. In the quantitative phase, 15 experts knowledgeable about women’s sports and professional female athletes were selected. The research instruments comprised semi-structured interviews for the qualitative phase and a Fuzzy DANP pairwise comparison questionnaire for the quantitative phase.
Results: The analysis of 380 initial codes in this study resulted in 41 focused codes (concepts), which were ultimately reduced to 9 main categories. Eight of these primary categories were identified as influential factors in women’s identity formation and subsequently prioritized using the Fuzzy DANP pairwise comparison method. The results of the Fuzzy DANP analysis indicate that these factors do not have equal influence. Among them, the role of coaches (0.1317) emerged as the most influential factor in the identity formation process, followed by empowerment of women in other aspects of life through sports (0.1302), gender stereotypes (0.1293), and enhancement of women’s psychological strength through sports (0.1287). In contrast, factors such as overt gender discrimination (0.1269), gendered perspectives on sports disciplines (0.1212), obstacles created through regulations (0.1177), and low levels of women’s physical literacy (0.1141) ranked lower in terms of influence.
Conclusion: The process of women’s identity formation through sport is primarily influenced by supportive and empowering factors, particularly the role of coaches, whereas structural barriers and gender-based discrimination exert a comparatively lesser impact. Therefore, strengthening the role of coaches, enhancing empowering sports opportunities, and reforming discriminatory policies can facilitate the identity development of women in the athletic context.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Identity Development
  • Identity
  • Gender Stereotypes
  • Gender Discrimination
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