نویسندگان
1
دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی دانشگاه گیلان
2
دانشیار مدیریت ورزشی،دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
3
استاد دانشگاه گیلان
4
دانشیار علمی دانشگاه تهران
5
دانشیار مدیریت ورزشی دانشگاه گیلان
,
نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
چکیده
هدف: مالکیت باشگاه‌ها به وسیله‌ی هواداران یکی از شکل‌های رایج اداره‌ی باشگاه‌های فوتبال است. بنابراین، هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی راهبردهای اتخاذ مدل مالکیت هواداران در باشگاه استقلال بود.
روش‌شناسی: این تحقیق به روش کیفی و استراتژی داده‌بنیاد و رویکرد سیستماتیک استراوس و کوربین انجام گرفت. از طریق نمونه‌گیری نظری و هدفمند و براساس مصاحبه‌های عمیق با 8 تن از کارشناسان، دادههای تحقیق جمع‌آوری شد. نمونه‌گیری تا زمانی ادامه یافت که تحقیق به اشباع نظری رسید. براساس نظریه داده‌بنیاد و با رویکرد سیستماتیک، دادهها در سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی، تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. برای اعتبارسنجی دادهها که معادل روایی و پایایی است از دو روش بازکدگذاری توسط محقق و روش بازبینی اعضا استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: براساس نتایج حاصل از سه مرحله کدگذاری شامل کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی، راهبردهای شناسایی شده در قالب زیرمقوله‌های قانونی، فرهنگی_اجتماعی، حاکمیتی، آموزشی، سازمانی و مدیریت ذینفعان، استخراج شدند.
نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر میرسد با همکاری نهادهای مختلف کشور و ایجاد بسترهای لازم در بلندمدت و انجام راهبردهای شناسایی شده بتوان این مدل از مالکیت را در باشگاه استقلال اجرایی کرد.
- Alidoust , E., Jalali Farahani, M., Goudarzi, M., & Naderan, E. (2013). The cultural and social barriers to implement general policies of article 44 in Iran professional sport. Sport Management Studies, 5(20), 79-96. [Persian].
- Alidoust, E., Farahani, M., & Naderan, E. (2011). The Barriers to the Development of Sport Cooperatives in Iran Professional Sport with an Emphasis on Article 44. Journal of Sport Management, 3(10), 23-42. [Persian].
- Creswell, J.w. (2012). Qualitative Inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches. Translated by Hassan Danaei Fard and Hossain kazemi. Tehran: Saffar publication. Second edition. [Persian].
- Danaei Fard, H., & Emami, S. (2007). Strategies of Qualitative Research: A Reflection on Grounded Theory. Strategic Management Thought, 1(2), 69-97. [Persian].
- Deldar, , Shahpar Tawfigh, A., & Bagheri, Gh. (2016). Investigate the Obstacles of Club Privatization in Iranian Professional Football League. Sport Management Studies. 8 (35): 97-118. [Persian].
- Elahi, A., Khabiri, M., Sajadi, N., & Abrishami, H. (2010). Significant barriers to the development of professional football club industry. Journal for Research in Sport Sciences, 28, 53-68. [Persian].
- Eydipour, K., Ashrafkhazei, A., Aryan, E., & Gholami torkslooye, S. (2015). Challenges and barriers to the development of football in the West Country. Scientific Journal of Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies, 2(1), 57-64. [Persian].
- Galiliyan, GH ., & Khabiri, M. (2007). Describe the club's Premier League football clubs, leagues and comparison with China, Malaysia and the UK. Motor and Sport Science magazine, 5, 41-54. [Persian].
- Hooman, H. (2010). A Practical Guide to Qualitative Research. Tehran: Publication of the SAMT. second edition. [Persian].
- Khalili, R. (2007). Designing the structure of the sports clubs system. the organization of physical education organization. [Persian].
- Moradi Chaleshtari, J., Moradi, M., Noroozian Qahfarrokhi, S., & Jamali Goleh, M. (2016). The study of structural barriers affecting the attraction of foreign investments in the Islamic Republic of Iran's football industry. journal of sport management and motor behavior, 12(23), 191-204. [Persian].
- Nasirzade, A., & Rezaii, S. (2018). Environmental analysis assignment football clubs in Iran. Applied Research of Sport Management, 7(25), 105-115. [Persian].
- Norouzi Seyed Hossini, R. (2015). Designing the model of human capital development in sport based on the capability approach. phd thesis, Faculty of Humanities Department of Physical education and sport sciences, Tarbiat Modares University. [Persian].
- Padash, D. (2009). Determine and prioritize the factors influencing the privatization of sports clubs by AHP method. Master's Degree, Faculty of Physical education and sport sciences, University of [Persian].
- Padash, D., soltanhoseini, M., & Khabiri, M. (2011). Rating Social and Legal Factors Affecting Privatization of Sports Clubs. Journal of Sport Management, 3 (11), 33-52. [Persian].
- Sarabadani, Gh. (2004). Cooperative Economy in Islam. Islamic Economics Quarterly, 4(14), 105-127.[Persian].
- Torabi, T., Ghorbani, M., Bagheri, M., & Tarighi, S. (2015). New methods of financing football clubs in developed countries and the developing countries have a comparative study. Journal of Investment Knowledge, 4, 217-232.[Persian].
- Taslimi, Z. (2016). Providing a framework of sport federation financing with a focus of self-sufficiency, Case study: Gymnastics, Track and Field, swimming federations. PhD thesis, Faculty of physical education and sport science, University of Guilan. [Persian].
- zare, A., babaeian, A., Moradi, G., & Hosseini, S. (2015). The Identification and Prioritization of the Exiting Challenges of Privatization of Iranian Football Clubs Using PEST1 Model. Journal of Sport Management, 6(4), 575-593. [Persian].
- Acero, I., Serrano, R., & Dimitropolos, P. (2017). Ownership Structure and financial performance in European football. corporate governance: The international Journal of Business in society, 17 (3), 511-523.
- Adams, A., & Armitage, S. )2004(. Mutuality for football clubs? Lessons from the financial sector. Studies in Economics and Finance, 22 (1), 26-41.
- Ahtiainen, S. (2018). Top 5 European football leagues: The association between financial performance and sporting success. Master’s Thesis, Aalto University, School of Business Department of Accounting.
- Amirnejad, S., Elahi, A., & Akbari Yazdi, H. (2018). A Comparative Study to Identify a Suitable Model of Ownership for Iran Football Pro League Clubs. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 7(1), 30-48.
- Brown, A. (2008). ‘Our Club, our rules’: fan communities at FC United of Manchester. Soccer & Society, 9(3), 346-358.
- Brown, A., & Walsh, A. (2000). Football supporters' relations with their clubs: A European perspective. Soccer & Society, 1(3), 88-101.
- Cleland, J.A. (2010). From passive to active: the changing relationship between supporters and football clubs. Soccer & Society, 11(5), 537-552.
- Dietl, H., & Weingärtner, Ch. (2011). The Effect of Professional Football Clubs' Legal Structure on Sponsoring Revenue. Institute for Strategy and Business Economics University of Zurich, Working Paper No. 141.
- FC Barcelona Statutes. (2013). https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/club/organisation-and-strategic-plan /commissions-and-bodies /statutes.
- Franck, E. (2010). Private firm, public corporation or member’s association governance structures in European football. International Journal of Sport Finance, 5(2),108–127.
- Hamil, S. (2013). Ownership structures of football clubs in Europe: A critical assessment. New horizons in football conference. [Retrieved from: http://www. sportbusinesscentre.com]
- Hamil, S., Michie, J., Oughton, Ch., & Warby, S. (2000). Recent developments in football ownership. Soccer & Society, (1)3, 1-10.
- Hu, y., & Izumida, S. (2008). The relationship between ownership and performance: A review of theory and evidence. International Business Research, 1(4),72-81.
- Morrow, S. (2004) The financial crisis in Scottish football. Scottish Affaires. 48-57.
- Rudd, J. M. (2012). The Impact Governance and Club Structure has on a Team’s Spending Power: A Case Study on the German Bundesliga. Senior thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics at the University of Puget Sound.
- Ward, S., Scanlon, J., & Th. Hines, T. (2012). Mutuality Ownership Form and professional Sports: Football. Nonprofit and voluntary Sector Quarterly, xx(x)1-18.
- Ward, S. (2013). A Critical Analysis of governance structures within supporter owned football clubs. PhD thesis, department of management, The Manchester Metropolitan University.
- Wiedenegger, A., Kern, A., & Rupprechter, M. (2012). The Choice of Legal Form and its Effects on Good Governance: A Case Study of an Austrian Professional Soccer Club, Ekonomika a Management, 6 (3),1-21.
- Wilson, , Plumely, D., & Ramchandani, G. (2013). The relationship between Ownership structure and club performance in the English Premier League. sport, business and management: an international journal, 3 (1), 19-36.
)