• Ahn, T., Hong, M., & Pedersen, P. M. (2014). Effects of perceived interactivity and web organization on user attitudes. European sport management quarterly, 14(2), 111-128.
• Bardhi, F., Rohm, A. J., & Sultan, F. (2010). Tuning in and tuning out: media multitasking among young consumers. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 9(4), 316-332.
• Bee, C. C., & Havitz, M. E. (2010). Exploring the relationship between involvement, fan attraction, psychological commitment and behavioural loyalty in a sports spectator context. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 11(2), 37-54.
• Burst Media (2012),“Sports fans and digital media: a scorecard on preferences and behaviors”,
• Carlson, J., & O'Cass, A. (2012). Optimizing the online channel in professional sport to create trusting and loyal consumers: The role of the professional sports team brand and service quality. Journal of Sport Management, 26(6), 463-478.
• Carmichael, M. (2011, August 2). Stat of the day: 25% of toddlers have used a smartphone [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://adage.com/article/adagestat/25-toddlers-a-smartphone/229082.
• Casper,J.and Andrew,D.P.S.(2008), “Sport commitment differences among tennis players on the basis of participation outlet and skill level”, Journal of Sport Behavior, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 201-219.
• Chesney, T. (2006). An acceptance model for useful and fun information systems. Human Technology: An Interdisciplinary Journal on Humans in ICT Environments, 2(2), 225-235.
• Chun, H., Lee, H., & Kim, D. (2012). The integrated model of smartphone adoption: Hedonic and utilitarian value perceptions of smartphones among Korean college students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(9), 473-479.
• Chung, J., Jung, H., Koo, J., Kim, Y., & Kim, U. M. (2017, January). A development of power consumption measurement system for Android smartphones. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (p. 95). ACM.
• Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS quarterly, 319-340.
• Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: a comparison of two theoretical models. Management science, 35(8), 982-1003.
• Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace1. Journal of applied social psychology, 22(14), 1111-1132.
• Dwyer, B., & Kim, Y. (2011). For love or money: Developing and validating a motivational scale for fantasy football participation. Journal of Sport Management, 25(1), 70-83.
• Filo, K., Funk, D. C., & Hornby, G. (2009). The role of web site content on motive and attitude change for sport events. Journal of Sport Management, 23(1), 21-40.
• Gao, T., Rohm, A. J., Sultan, F., & Huang, S. (2012). Antecedents of consumer attitudes toward mobile marketing: A comparative study of youth markets in the United States and China. Thunderbird International Business Review, 54(2), 211-224.
• Ha, J. P., Ha, J. P., Kang, S. J., Kang, S. J., Kim, Y., & Kim, Y. (2017). Sport fans in a “smart sport”(SS) age: drivers of smartphone use for sport consumption. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 18(3), 281-297.
• Ha, J. P., Kang, S. J., & Ha, J. (2015). A conceptual framework for the adoption of smartphones in a sports context. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 16(3), 2-19.
• Hsu, C.-L., & Lin, J. C.-C. (2008). Acceptance of blog usage: The roles of technology acceptance, social influence and knowledge sharing motivation. Information & management, 45(1), 65-74
• Hur, Y., Ko, Y. J., & Claussen, C. L. (2012). Determinants of using sports web portals: an empirical examination of the Sport Website Acceptance Model. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 13(3), 6-25.
• Hur, Y., Ko, Y. J., & Valacich, J. (2007). Motivation and concerns for online sport consumption. Journal of Sport Management, 21(4), 521-539.
• Hur, Y., Ko, Y. J., & Valacich, J. (2011). A structural model of the relationships between sport website quality, e-satisfaction, and e-loyalty. Journal of sport management, 25(5), 458-473.
• Hwang, G., & Chung, K.-s. (2015). What Make Sport Spectators Scan Quick Response Code? Application of Technology Acceptance Model to MLB Attendees. Journal of Physical Education, 2(2), 88-99.
• Kang, S. (2017). Mobile communication and pro sports: motivation and fan loyalty. International Journal of Mobile Communications, 15(6), 604-627.
• Kang, S. J., Ha, J. P., & Hambrick, M. E. (2015). A mixed-method approach to exploring the motives of sport-related mobile applications among college students. Journal of Sport Management, 29(3), 272-290.
• Kunkel, T., Doyle, J. P., & Funk, D. C. (2014). Exploring sport brand development strategies to strengthen consumer involvement with the product–The case of the Australian A-League. Sport Management Review, 17(4), 470-483.
• Legris, P., Ingham, J., & Collerette, P. (2003). Why do people use information technology? A critical review of the technology acceptance model. Information & management, 40(3), 191-204.
• Maghnati, F., & Ling, K. C. (2013). Exploring the relationship between experiential value and usage attitude towards mobile apps among the smartphone users. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(4), 1.
• Mahony, D. F., Madrigal, R., & Howard, D. A. (2000). Using the psychological commitment to team (PCT) scale to segment sport consumers based on loyalty. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 9(1), 15.
• Park, N., & Lee, H. (2012). Social implications of smartphone use: Korean college students' smartphone use and psychological well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(9), 491-497.
• Pavlou, P. A. (2003). Consumer acceptance of electronic commerce: Integrating trust and risk with the technology acceptance model. International journal of electronic commerce, 7(3), 101-134.
• Persaud, A., & Azhar, I. (2012). Innovative mobile marketing via smartphones: Are consumers ready?. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 30(4), 418-443.
• Rohm, A. J., Gao, T. T., Sultan, F., & Pagani, M. (2012). Brand in the hand: A cross-market investigation of consumer acceptance of mobile marketing. Business Horizons, 55(5), 485-493.
• Rudyk, K. (2014), “10 stats to help you increase sports fan engagement”, available at: www.scribblelive.com/blog/2014/02/19/10-stats-to-help-you-increase-sports-fan-engagement/ (accessed September 5, 2015).
• Seo, W. J., & Green, B. C. (2008). Development of the motivation scale for sport online consumption. Journal of Sport Management, 22(1), 82-109.
• Stevens, S., & Rosenberger, P. J. (2012). The influence of involvement, following sport and fan identification on fan loyalty: an Australian perspective. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 13(3), 57-71.
• Sun, H., & Zhang, P. (2006). Causal relationships between perceived enjoyment and perceived ease of use: An alternative approach. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 7(9), 24.
• Taylor, D. G., Voelker, T. A., & Pentina, I. (2011). Mobile application adoption by young adults: A social network perspective.
• Van der Heijden, H. (2004). User acceptance of hedonic information systems. MIS quarterly, 695-704.
• Venkatesh, V. (2000). Determinants of perceived ease of use: Integrating control, intrinsic motivation, and emotion into the technology acceptance model. Information systems research, 11(4), 342-365.
• You, J. H., Lee, J. H., & Park, C. (2011). Factors influencing adoption and post-adoption of smart phone. In Proceedings of International Conference on Software and Computer Applications (ICSCA 2011).

Yu, C.-C. (2007). Professional sports marketers’ perceptions regarding the use of web advertising. European Sport Management Quarterly, 7(2), 213-226