Rahim Ramezaninejad
Abstract
In science, theory can serve as the foundation for teaching/education, research, and practice/action. Theory should be the basis of teaching and a means for graduates to apply theory to practice in the workplace. In particular, teaching at the postgraduate level must be theory-driven, or course subjects ...
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In science, theory can serve as the foundation for teaching/education, research, and practice/action. Theory should be the basis of teaching and a means for graduates to apply theory to practice in the workplace. In particular, teaching at the postgraduate level must be theory-driven, or course subjects must be theorized and presented within a structured framework. Using theory in teaching, especially in postgraduate studies, raises new questions and issues regarding past research and the theorizing process. It allows students to go beyond a merely descriptive understanding of phenomena and gain a deeper insight into how, why, and when activities occur. Furthermore, it can help researchers develop better theories. Therefore, sports management students must master theory-based knowledge to think analytically and critically about the phenomena facing this field, and they must explore and explain the relationships between variables in sports management more thoroughly. Rather than simply telling students how to act and what the best practices are, they should be exposed to theory in various situations so they can describe, predict, and control events both inside and outside the sports organization; theory-based teaching makes this possible. Researchers recommend that management Ph.D students write theoretical papers to ensure that theorizing does not become a lost or unlearned art.
On the other hand, theory-based teaching and theoretical critique expand the student’s perspective on the phenomena they have experienced in the real world. Theory-driven teaching reveals the strengths and weaknesses inherent in a subject. Instructors of postgraduate courses should also incorporate their own research findings into their teaching. In this way, the application of theory can be more effective if it is integrated as a part of learning process. Naturally, this is a very common practice in postgraduate curricula, and it helps both students and professors engage in further theorizing within sports management. It also enhances the student’s ability to systematically analyze or frame challenging topics in sports management.
Examining the textbooks that are authored and recommended to students for educational purposes partially reflects how well their content is organized within an appropriate framework. It also indicates the extent to which these books contain the author’s coherent views derived from previous studies, field experiences, observations, and research. Although internship and practicum experiences in educational programs are designed to put knowledge and theory into practice, transferring and discussing the experiences from those programs in the classroom can make the framing of theoretical concepts more practical and applied. This is especially true given that sports management has a significant need for this approach.
Sport Management and Development
Hosein Zareian; Fatemeh Saeedi; Mohammad Hosein Ghorbani
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify and categorize the factors influencing the improvement of Iran's sports delegation performance in the Asian Games and the Olympic Games, and to provide practical strategies for enhancing this performance.Methodology: A qualitative research design was employed, ...
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Objective: This study aimed to identify and categorize the factors influencing the improvement of Iran's sports delegation performance in the Asian Games and the Olympic Games, and to provide practical strategies for enhancing this performance.Methodology: A qualitative research design was employed, based on the grounded theory approach using Glaser’s emerging method. The statistical population included officials from the Ministry of Sport and Youth, managers of the National Olympic Committee, presidents and secretaries of sports federations, faculty members in sports sciences, as well as coaches and athletes. Theoretical sampling was used, and theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting 25 interviews. Data were analyzed in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.Results: A total of 296 indicators were identified and categorized across three levels (micro, meso, and macro) under 20 main themes and 66 sub-themes. At the micro level, factors such as physiological and physical conditions, psychological aspects, and technical, cognitive, and ethical skills were identified. At the meso level, the main themes included sports management and policymaking, financial resource management, strategic investment, events, support and logistics, facilities and equipment, human resources, media, and research. At the macro level, economic conditions, political relations, laws and regulations, cultural and social factors, modern technologies, and the geographical environment were emphasized.Conclusion: The results indicate that improving the performance of Iran’s sports delegation requires simultaneous attention to micro, meso, and macro level factors. Integration and coordination among these levels can provide the foundation for sustainable success in international sports competitions.
Sport Governance and Policy-Making
Mohammad keshavarz; Younes Younes Mohammadzadeh; , Hosein Dast barhagh; mohammad sadegh afroozeh
Abstract
Objective: The present research was conducted with the aim of providing a model for improving coalition building policies in sport.Methodology: The current research was a mixed research. The statistical population of the present research in the qualitative part included experts who are knowledgeable ...
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Objective: The present research was conducted with the aim of providing a model for improving coalition building policies in sport.Methodology: The current research was a mixed research. The statistical population of the present research in the qualitative part included experts who are knowledgeable about the subject of the research. Also, the statistical population in the quantitative part of the research included the managers of sports federations of the country. The research tool included semi-structured interviews and a special questionnaire for Dimtel, which was designed according to the research objectives and methods. Dimtel method was used to identify the pattern of causal relationships between the studied variables.Results: According to the results of the present research, it was determined that the variables affecting coalition building in sport include improvement of concepts, adaptation and localization, elite decision-making, structuring and indexing, legal aspects, management flows, and knowledge improvement. Also, the factors of improvement of concepts and structuring and indexing were identified as causal factors and other factors as causal factors.Conclusion: The analysis of the research findings indicates that ‘structuring and index-making’ with a weight of 0.237 has been identified as the primary determining and influential factor in sports coalition-building. Other identified factors such as ‘improving concepts,’ ‘allocation and indigenization,’ ‘elite decision-making,’ ‘legal aspects,’ ‘management flows,’ and ‘knowledge improvement’ also play a role in this process, but with less impact compared to the factor of structuring and index-making. These findings emphasize the importance of particular attention to structural foundations and measurement criteria in formulating sports coalition-building policies.
Sport Management and Development
Saeed Abdi; Rahim Ramezaninejad; HamidReza Goharrostami
Abstract
Objective: The goal of the present study was to design a model for professionalizing of student sports.Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population of the study included experts from the Deputy of Physical Education ...
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Objective: The goal of the present study was to design a model for professionalizing of student sports.Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population of the study included experts from the Deputy of Physical Education and Health of the Ministry and the Student Sports Federation, the Deputy of Physical Education and Health, heads of physical education departments, experts and physical education teachers of the provinces. A sufficient number of statistical samples were selected for structural equation modeling (369 people) and they responded to a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by 10 experts and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.99); and structural equation modeling in PLS4 and SPSS26 software was used to analyze the data and examine the model fit..Results: The results showed that the effect of professionalization opportunities and professionalization requirements on professionalization management is positive and significant. The effect of professionalization management on human capital empowerment and optimization of development resources was direct, positive and significant; but it did not have a direct effect on inter-organizational efficiency. Also, human capital empowerment and resource optimization had a direct, positive and significant effect on inter-organizational efficiency, and further, the effect of inter-organizational efficiency on the quality of health and wellness programs, updating of education and learning, and holding standard events and competitions was direct, positive and significant.Conclusion: By considering the context and capacities of student sports and recognizing the paths to professionalization, student sports programs and activities can be moved from a normal level to an advanced level, leading to the professional growth and advancement of student sports.
Sport Economics, Marketing and Tourism
Mahdi Fooladi Kashkooei; Reza Andam; Hasan Bahrololoum; Mojtaba Rajabi; Faezeh Abdollahnezhad
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the tourism experience on satisfaction, revisit intention, and attachment among sports tourists.
Methodology: This study employed a meta-analysis method and a quantitative approach, aiming to systematically combine and analyze domestic ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the tourism experience on satisfaction, revisit intention, and attachment among sports tourists.
Methodology: This study employed a meta-analysis method and a quantitative approach, aiming to systematically combine and analyze domestic and international studies on the sport tourism experience from 2004 to 2024. After applying the inclusion criteria, 22 studies were ultimately selected for final analysis and inclusion in the software. The data were selected through purposive sampling and analyzed using CMA2 software, with the effect size of each study calculated.
Results: The results showed that out of the 22 studies included in this research, 19 were journal articles. The largest sample size was related to the study by Hallmann et al (2021). The findings also indicated that the tourism experience variable could have a significant impact on satisfaction, attachment, and revisit intention among sports event tourists. Furthermore, the software output reported that the effect size in all studies was above average and statistically significant.
Conclusion: The results of the present meta-analysis showed that the experience of sports events has a significant impact on three key components: satisfaction, attachment, and revisit intention. Overall, these findings indicate that the quality of participation in sports events not only contributes to satisfaction but can also lead to the development of lasting emotional bonds with the event and a desire to return. Therefore, it can be concluded that enhancing elements related to positive experiences in sports events plays a vital role in audience retention and growth and should be seriously considered in the design and management of such events.
Sport Development and Sustainable Development
Milad Ensafi Kochameshki; Seyed Mohammad Kashef; Fatemeh Abdavi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present research was to study the bibliometric study of the research conducted in the field of sustainable development of sports.Methodology: This research is a type of bibliometric review research and it was done with the methods of functional analysis, analysis of citation ...
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Objective: The purpose of the present research was to study the bibliometric study of the research conducted in the field of sustainable development of sports.Methodology: This research is a type of bibliometric review research and it was done with the methods of functional analysis, analysis of citation networks and keyword analysis. In order to draw scientific maps, Excel, Vosviewer, Rstudio and Maxqda software were used. The statistical population of the research is 486 articles, of which 386 articles were selected as a sample during the document screening stage.Results: The findings of the research show that in the period of 2001 to 2023, 386 documents have been included in the analysis portfolio of the field in question, of course, 187 publications published these 386 studies and the annual growth of production Science in this field is 4.28%. The average number of citations that the studies have received is 9.096, which is a very good value in the desired field, but the results show that there are few articles with many citations, while there are many articles with few citations. Also, according to the functional goals and content analysis of the research, most of the researchers of developed countries pay attention to this scientific field, and in the top articles of this field, most of the words related to sports events and attracting tourists have been the attention of the top researchers.Conclusion: by recognizing the best fields of study in the field of sustainable development in sports, which have mostly been conducted in developed countries and some developing countries; We can express these questions, where is sustainable development in our sports industry? What strategic and operational plans have we developed in this field? What requirements do we have in this field? Therefore, we can say that the questions derived from the results of this research are considered to be the needs of sustainable development in our country and can be very useful research fields in the direction of sustainable development in the country's sports.
Sport Development and Sustainable Development
Ehsan Tatari; Mehdi Khatibzade; Farid Pakzad hasanloo; Rasool Norouzi Seyed Hoseini
Abstract
Methodology: The research was quasi-experimental, using experimental and control groups to measure behavioral outcomes. A 6-month social marketing campaign, titled "Elementary Energizers: Move, Play, Shine!", was implemented in the experimental group included attractive posters, short motivational animations, ...
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Methodology: The research was quasi-experimental, using experimental and control groups to measure behavioral outcomes. A 6-month social marketing campaign, titled "Elementary Energizers: Move, Play, Shine!", was implemented in the experimental group included attractive posters, short motivational animations, family sports festivals, an app design to record students' activities, group incentives and rewards for active students, healthy competition among classes, and various engaging events such as health celebrations and active recreation. Data collection tools included the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (PAQ-C), a researcher-made motor behavior checklist and a satisfaction assessment questionnaire.Results: Statistical analysis showed the experimental group had a significant increase in physical activity scores compared to the control group (p=0.014). A paired t-test showed significant icrease in physical activity in the experimental group (p=0.003). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) confirmed that the intervention group had a significant effect on post-test scores after controlling pre-test scores.Conclusion: The results showed social marketing campaigns can be effective in promoting healthy behaviors, including physical activity of children and adolescents. Parental involvement in the design and implementation of these campaigns played a key role in their success.
Theory Development and Futures Studies in Sport
Rouhollah Khajehkarimoddini; Noshin Benar; Nader Zali
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify the key drivers affecting the future of Iran's sports industry with a future-research approach.
Methodology: In terms of nature, the current research method is based on future research and forecasting, analytical and exploratory methods, which ...
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Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify the key drivers affecting the future of Iran's sports industry with a future-research approach.
Methodology: In terms of nature, the current research method is based on future research and forecasting, analytical and exploratory methods, which were carried out by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistical population of the current research was experts (professors of sports management, sports experts, and athletes) in the field of the sports industry. Sampling was done way, and 11 people were selected. In this research, data-based methods that were the result of studies and searches in research and books in the field of sports industry, as well as methods based on the opinion of specialists and experts, were used simultaneously. After collecting the data of the first stage, 28 items that had gained more points were placed in the matrix and were completed and evaluated according to the opinions of the expert panel and analyzed using the MicMac software.
Results: Based on the research results, various factors influence the future of the sports industry. The most important factors in the future of the Iranian sports industry are: joint hosting of major sports events, management stability, support for new sports businesses, meritocracy, and expertise. Orientation, modern and technological productions and equipment, forming multinational manufacturing companies, supporting the privatization of clubs, and strengthening Iran's position in international institutions and seats.
Conclusion: In order to build a bright future for the country's sports industry, one should take a special look at the identified key factors.
Sport Management and Development
Ali Sajedi; Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Razavi; Masoumeh Kalateh Seifari
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was prioritizing city parks in designing sports city from the perspective of experts.Methodology: The present study was combined and the tools for data collection of semi-depth interviews with experts in the qualitative phase and questionnaire in quantitative part ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was prioritizing city parks in designing sports city from the perspective of experts.Methodology: The present study was combined and the tools for data collection of semi-depth interviews with experts in the qualitative phase and questionnaire in quantitative part with planning experts, urban architecture and sports management were continued in the qualitative part of interviews until theoretical saturation were achieved. The validity of the data was confirmed by the review of three participants. To confirm the repetition of codes by two experts. The quantitative part of the questionnaire was distributed in 21 questions across 9 values. Validity of the panel of experts and reliability was confirmed using FuzzyAHP package in R software and prioritized using AHP.Results: In the qualitative findings, seven components of garden, public park, sports park, elderly park, street park, amusement park and adventure park obtained and their priority levels got examined. The results showed that park components are street park (0.264), sports park (0.231), public park (0.190), elderly park (0.114), gardens (0.081), amusement park (0.073) and adventure park (0.047).Conclusion: Among the various parks the Park Street was the most important and adventure park was the least important in designing sports city in terms of planning specialists, urban architecture and sports management.
