Samira Zamanian Yazdi; Hadi Bagheri; Reza Andam
Abstract
Objective: The present study investigated the motivational factors of sports fans for participation in the virtual pages of football clubs. Methodology: This research is an exploratory kind of mixed method that was performed in two qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, along with ...
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Objective: The present study investigated the motivational factors of sports fans for participation in the virtual pages of football clubs. Methodology: This research is an exploratory kind of mixed method that was performed in two qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, along with the analysis of the existing literature, 20 interviews were conducted with social media experts, sports marketers, and active sports fans on the clubs' websites, Instagram pages, and the Telegram channel, which resulted in the extraction of nine factors motivating virtual participation. In the quantitative part, using interpretive-structural modeling, the levels and relationships between the factors were determined and analyzed in an integrated manner. In this part, using the pairwise comparison questionnaire, the opinions of 14 active fans on the mentioned virtual pages were collected. These fans were selected by purposive sampling.Results: By analyzing the questionnaires, motives for fans’ participation in the clubs’ virtual pages were categorized into six levels: 1) entertainment; 2) income and reward; 3) empowerment; 4) identification, solidarity and social interaction, and supporting the club; 5) brand interest and demanding; 6) gaining information.Conclusion: Focusing on the virtual behavior of the fans, the present study shows another way to develop the clubs' relationship with their fans and expand their fan base, which is based on the importance and position of the fans' motivations for participating in the virtual pages.
Hamidreza Ghezelsefloo; Danyal Atabaie; Nasser Bay
Abstract
Objective: Identifying the factors affecting the success of specialized sports academies is the most important demand of profesional sports executives. So, the purpose of this study was designing a model of successful club management system in volleyball academies in Golestan province.Methodology: This ...
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Objective: Identifying the factors affecting the success of specialized sports academies is the most important demand of profesional sports executives. So, the purpose of this study was designing a model of successful club management system in volleyball academies in Golestan province.Methodology: This research was an applied research type that was operated by a mixed exploratory method. In the qualitative phase, 15 knowledgeable by snowball sampling participated in semi-structured interviews to achieve saturation. Using MAXQDA software, three selection codes including executive competency, revenue sources and infrastructure were extracted. In the quantitative phase of the research, the questionnaire extracted from the qualitative phase of the research, which was set as a 5-point Likert scale, was distributed among 243 club managers, coaches, sponsors and the former national team athletes. PlS-3 software was used to analyze the data (P≤0.05).Results: The results of factor analysis of data showed that the variables of competence of club managers, development of training and competitive infrastructure and the ability to obtain financial resources have a significant effect on the successful management of volleyball academies in Golestan province.Conclusion: Therefore, the establishment of efficient structures in the organization of sports clubs, the establishment of specialized volleyball academies along with the provision of specialized training equipment and recovery and medical services, activating funding channels such as the sale and transfer of athletes provides the success of volleyball academies
Seyed Mehdi Seyed Bagheri; Rasool Norouzi Seyed hossini; Marjan Saffari; Esmaeil Sharifian
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the current research was to identify the factors affecting the expansion of the underground economy in professional football in Iran.Methodology: The research method was qualitative and thematic analysis. The statistical population of the research was all people who are knowledgeable ...
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Objective: The aim of the current research was to identify the factors affecting the expansion of the underground economy in professional football in Iran.Methodology: The research method was qualitative and thematic analysis. The statistical population of the research was all people who are knowledgeable and involved in the economic issues of football, and the snowball sampling method (linear type) was used. Data were collected through internal and semi-structured interviews with 12 experts.Results: The results of the theme analysis include ten main themes that expand the underground economy in Iranian football, including 1. Unsystematic betting 2. Susceptibility of football to money laundering 3. Weakness of the tax system and culture in sports 4. Weakness of laws and tightening of prohibitions 5. Policies Economic defect 6. Structural-organizational inefficiency in football 7. Management weakness in football 8. Government administration and government rents 9. Corruption and lack of resistance to fight against it 10. Institutional dysfunction. Which were placed in the 4 main cultural, legal, political-economic and structural-organizational dimensions.Conclusion: In general, according to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that in order to reduce the underground economy in the sports industry, especially football, the administrative and management system of football should be depoliticized and the government's interference in this field should be minimized. Also, while developing the tax culture, the provincial tax system should be formulated according to the specific characteristics of football and by providing a platform for privatization in football, the possibility of free competition can be created.
Masoumeh Salahshouri; Noshin Benar; Mohammad Mahdi Rahmati
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this research was to analyze the experiences of transgender athletes.Methodology: The current qualitative study is application-oriented and the data are based on collected documentary information. This research was conducted using the Sandlowski, Barroso and Willis (2007) 7-step ...
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Objective: The goal of this research was to analyze the experiences of transgender athletes.Methodology: The current qualitative study is application-oriented and the data are based on collected documentary information. This research was conducted using the Sandlowski, Barroso and Willis (2007) 7-step meta-synthesis method and the common coding technique in qualitative research on 8 articles obtained through researching scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Pubmed. The analysis of concepts and the results of interviews with professional transgender athletes were also performed.Results: The research findings in 4 main themes: individual evolution, gender identity evolution, gender identity culture and acceptance gender identity, and 17 sub- themes: childhood behavior, being different, mental crisis, naming, Gender matching process, Identity disclosure, Identity matching, Consequences of identity disclosure, Identity concealment, humiliation, transphobia, awareness, family support, coach and teammate support, recognition and rejection were identified.Conclusion: The results of this research show the importance of creating a culture and creating a supportive environment by the sports community to accept transgender athletes.
Roghayeh Aghaei; Saeed Sadeghi Boroujerdi; Anahita Malek Mohammadi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research was identification of the challenges and opportunities of social media marketing of Premier League Football Clubs.Methodology: The research method was qualitative and was carried out using a thematic approach. Research data were collected through semi -structured interviews. ...
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Objective: The aim of this research was identification of the challenges and opportunities of social media marketing of Premier League Football Clubs.Methodology: The research method was qualitative and was carried out using a thematic approach. Research data were collected through semi -structured interviews. The statistical population included 14 professors in the field of sports marketing and social media experts. The sampling method was purposive and interviews continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. Thematic analysis method was used to revel the Basic theme, Organizing theme, Global theme.Results: The analysis of the interviews showed that Iranian football clubs can use the potential capabilities of social media as communication and marketing opportunities with their fans. Social media marketing opportunities include: unique features of social media, club brand awareness and promotion, social media business, fan engagement, online support and protection of fans. In addition, the opportunities, football clubs face challenges in using social media as a marketing tool.Conclusion: According to the results, it is suggested to the managers of football clubs to provide opportunities for increasing the activities of the fans due to the interactive nature of social media. By increasing the involvement of fans in social media, the commercial and advertising income of the club is facilitated.
javad Mostafaei; Farzam Farzan; Akbar Aliverdinia
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to design a modeling of factors affecting the migration sports elites in Iran.Methodology: This research aims to be developmental-applicative, and in terms of nature, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) with a combined exploratory-sequential design. The target ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to design a modeling of factors affecting the migration sports elites in Iran.Methodology: This research aims to be developmental-applicative, and in terms of nature, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) with a combined exploratory-sequential design. The target community of the research was experts who were aware of the research topic. In order to conduct in-depth interviews and collect qualitative data from the targeted snowball technique until the theoretical saturation stage, 17 people were selected as a sample and to complete the researcher-made questionnaires in quantitative section, a sample of 5 people was suggested. Using the thematic analysis method based on the model of Braun and Clark (2006), the effective factors on the migration of sport selites were identified and then modeling was done structural-interpretive analysis (ISM) use.Results: 148 primary concepts were identified in the form of 30 sub-themes and 13 main themes and two general dimensions of repulsive factors and attractive factors affecting the migration of sports elites. These factors are in the sixlevels of the structural-interpretive model consisting of the inefficient management system factor in the sixthlevel, political instability and defective economic structure in the fifthlevel, the foresight of the elites in the fourthlevel, factors The development of life dimensions, financial attractions of the destination country and role modeling in the thirdlevel, media power factors, inappropriate location of the country of origin, limited beliefs and thoughts, incorrect selection process and sports development in the second level and the migration acceptability factor of the inappropriate location of the country in the level It was the first.Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, Inefficient management with restrictive thinking and unknown strategies, defective economy and the country's chaotic political situation are among the important factors of the tendency to migrate among sports elites in Iran.
Sport Management and Development
Javad Moradi; Rasool Nazari
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to present the commercialization model of Iran's football industry based on sustainable development and performance.Methodology: Due to the exploratory nature of the research, the qualitative research method was used to present a model related to the research ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to present the commercialization model of Iran's football industry based on sustainable development and performance.Methodology: Due to the exploratory nature of the research, the qualitative research method was used to present a model related to the research topic. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 experts. According to the Charmaz Foundation data method, the research sample was selected as a combination of theoretical sampling and snowball sampling.Results: The results showed that the Iranian football industry does not have a sustainable performance in the two income and sports sectors due to severe weakness in profitability and commerciality. According to the research results, these factors and factors are at three structural levels including (macroeconomic, microeconomic, ownership and investment) which are rooted in macro-structures of the economic, legal and managerial structural structure, Contextual (policy-making, planning, and management, which indicate factors that provide the basis for appropriate and profitable activities of economic enterprises in the sports and football industries) and institutional (sports, income, infrastructure, management, which requires defining and creating changes in strategic and operational planning in the country's football industry institutions) can be examined.Conclusion: For effective commercialization based on development and sustainable performance in both sports and revenue sectors, appropriate measures must be taken, requirements must be met, and considerations of the model presented in this study must be taken into account, which will provide the basis for the profitability of clubs and subsequently.
Ghasem Zarei; seyedali naghavi
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to develop a simulation model for Sports Tourism Development (STD) in Ardabil Province, Iran.Methodology: Utilizing a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) research design, this applied study with a descriptive-analytical approach was performed on theoretical ...
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Objective: The present study aimed to develop a simulation model for Sports Tourism Development (STD) in Ardabil Province, Iran.Methodology: Utilizing a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) research design, this applied study with a descriptive-analytical approach was performed on theoretical and experimental experts (n=18) as the statistical population, selected via non-probability, purposive sampling. For this purpose, interviews and questionnaires were employed as the data collection tools. During the qualitative phase, the main categories (themes) and sub-categories (sub-themes) of STD in Ardabil Province, Iran, were initially identified based on thematic analysis. Then, in the quantitative phase, the effective factors were prioritized by the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). At last, the given factors acquired from the qualitative analysis were simulated with reference to System Dynamics (SD) and Agent-Based Modeling (ABM). The data analysis was also performed using MAXQDA 20 in the qualitative phase, Microsoft Excel, AnyLogic and Vensim in the quantitative one.Results: The study results reduced to 62 initial codes, 13 sub-categories, 6 main categories (i.e., infrastructural, economic, macro-policies of sports tourism, marketing, sports, and human resources). In this sense, the infrastructural factor was in the first priority as the most effective one. Besides, the simulation output demonstrated that the proposed model could adequately estimate the future of STD in Ardabil Province, Iran.Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it is desirable for the managers of Ardabil province to pay special attention to the identified effective factors for the development of sports tourism.
Sport Management and Development
Behnam Naghipour Givi; Zohre Khosravi pour; Maziyar Kalashi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to design and propose a conceptual framework of economic diplomacy indicators in Iranian sports.Methodology: This research was applied in terms of purpose and conducted using a qualitative research method based on thematic analysis. The statistical population ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to design and propose a conceptual framework of economic diplomacy indicators in Iranian sports.Methodology: This research was applied in terms of purpose and conducted using a qualitative research method based on thematic analysis. The statistical population consisted of experts (professors, specialists, and professionals in sports economics and management) in the field of sports economics, who were selected through theoretical sampling and theoretical saturation (including 16 individuals). Interviews were conducted with them. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was reviewed and confirmed by the interviewees and then by specialized professors. To assess reliability, the intra-subject agreement method was used, which yielded a reliability value of 0.83.Results: Based on the analysis of the thematic content, various factors have an impact on the formation of Iran's sports economic diplomacy. These factors were classified into 4 main categories. The categories include: economic foundation, economic movements, international politics and economic interactions.Conclusion: The findings of this research can fill the void related to the lack of identification of indicators of economic diplomacy in Iranian sports and provide a common definition of the concept of economic diplomacy in sports both in the academic and executive fields.
Mahboobeh Rouzbahani; Fateh Farazyani; Heidar Hosseini; Zeinab Dohoii
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this study was to identify the factors affecting the use of health roads for leisure based on grounded theory approach.Methodology: The method of the present research was descriptive and in terms of data collection method was qualitative with the foundation data approach. The statistical ...
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Objective: The goal of this study was to identify the factors affecting the use of health roads for leisure based on grounded theory approach.Methodology: The method of the present research was descriptive and in terms of data collection method was qualitative with the foundation data approach. The statistical population included all the sports managers of the municipality and the Department of Sports and Youth of Babak city of Kerman, whose number is more than 30. Snowball sampling continued up to 15 people when the research reached theoretical saturation. A semi-structured interview was used as the research tool. The validity of the research instrument was assessed and confirmed through reliability, verifiability, trustworthiness and transferability and its reliability by P-Scott coefficient method. Data analysis was conducted using Strauss-Corbin systematic coding (open, axial and selective coding).Results: The findings indicated that the best solution based on the research’s Grounded theory model, includes seven factors across three conditions: causal, intervening and contextual, along with 37 related components. these factors encompass women’s sports, social aspects, sports environment, behavioral recommendations, awareness-raising and motivational factors.Conclusion: The results showed that increasing the use of health roads for leisure requires improving infrastructure, effective advertising, raising public awareness, and providing financial and non-financial incentives. It is recommended that policymakers and urban managers enhance service quality and implement targeted planning to increase public participation.
