Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Department of Sociology and Sport Psychology, Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran, Iran (SSRI)
2 PhD student in Sport Management, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Department of Sport Management and Media, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to design and propose a conceptual framework of economic diplomacy indicators in Iranian sports.
Methodology: This research was applied in terms of purpose and conducted using a qualitative research method based on thematic analysis. The statistical population consisted of experts (professors, specialists, and professionals in sports economics and management) in the field of sports economics, who were selected through theoretical sampling and theoretical saturation (including 16 individuals). Interviews were conducted with them. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was reviewed and confirmed by the interviewees and then by specialized professors. To assess reliability, the intra-subject agreement method was used, which yielded a reliability value of 0.83.
Results: Based on the analysis of the thematic content, various factors have an impact on the formation of Iran's sports economic diplomacy. These factors were classified into 4 main categories. The categories include: economic foundation, economic movements, international politics and economic interactions.
Conclusion: The findings of this research can fill the void related to the lack of identification of indicators of economic diplomacy in Iranian sports and provide a common definition of the concept of economic diplomacy in sports both in the academic and executive fields.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- Adibi, A., & Habibzadeh, T. (2019). Economics, Economic Diplomacy, and Preferential Agreements. Political Science Quarterly, 15(47), 169-200. [In Persian]
- Arghavani Pirsalami, F., & Gholami, M. H. (2018). Economic Diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran within the Framework of Development Plans: Recognition of the Shortcomings of 4th to 6th Development Plans. Journal of Legal Studies, 10(2), 1-27. [In Persian]
- Askarian, F., Asgharpoor, H., & Sarlab, R. (2016). Investigating of Comparative Advantage of Iran's Exports of Sports Goods. Sport Management Studies, 8(35), 67-82. [In Persian]
- Askarian, F., Ganj Khanloo, J., & Tahmasebi, F. (2020). The Effect of Iranian Government Financial Costs on Private Sector Investments in Sports Products Manufacturing Workshops. Sport Management Studies, 12(59), 73-90. [In Persian]
- Bakhshi chenari, A. R., Godarzi, M., Sajjadi, S. N. and Jalali Farahani, M. (2021). Identify and Prioritize the Effective Factors of Sport Diplomacy Development in Islamic Republic of Iran’s Foreign Policy. Sport Management and Development, 10(1), 130-140. [In Persian]
- Brannagan, P. M., & Giulianotti, R. (2015). Soft power and soft disempowerment: Qatar, global sport and football’s 2022 World Cup finals. Leisure studies, 34(6), 703-719.
- Connell, J. (2018). Globalisation, soft power, and the rise of football in China. Geographical research, 56(1), 5-15.
- Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory: Sage publications.
- Dousti, A., Saboonchi, R., & Shariati Feizabadi, M. (2019). Sport behind Public Diplomacy; Functional Components of Sport Diplomacy in Iran. World Sociopolitical Studies, 3(2), 379-407. [in Persian]
- Ebrahimi, A., Khatibi, A., Mehdi Pour, A., & Marashian, H. (2020). Impact of Exporting Sport Goods on Economic Growth of Iran and Some Developing Countries.Sport Management Journal, 12(1), 139-160. [in Persian]
- Fakhri, F., Razavi, M. H., Askarian, F., & Farzan, F. (2019). Evaluation of sporting goods foreign trade in the 5th development plan of Iran. Sport Science, 12(Suppl. 1), 65-68. [In Persian]
- Farzam, V., Taleghani, F., & Yousefi, A. (2019). the survey of the comparative advantage and competitive advantage of the selected sport goods’ exports in iran. Journal of Sport Management and Development, 8(3), 1-16. [In Persian]
- Qaderi, S., Mallaei, M., Simbar, R. and Fatahi, S. (2023). Special sports events as a tool for para-diplomacy in the border regions of Kermanshah province. Journal of Sport Management and Development, 12(3), 30-62. [In Persian]
- Ganjkhanloo, A., Memari, Zh., & Khabiri, M. (2021). Marketing Strategies to developing the Iranian sports industry. Sports Business Journal, 1(2), 95-113. doi: 10.22051/sbj.2022.38999.1020 [In Persian]
- Greenwood, J., Sanchez, J. M., & Wang, C. (2013). Quantifying the impact of financial development on economic development. Review of Economic Dynamics, 16(1), 194-215.
- Gupta, A., Boas, I., & Oosterveer, P. (2020). Transparency in global sustainability governance: to what effect?. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 22(1), 84-97.
- Hassanpourghadi, R., & Dousti, M. (2021). The Position of Sports Diplomacy in Iran's Foreign Policy after the Islamic Revolution in 1979. Sport Management Journal, 13(2), 581-616. [In Persian]
- Junio, E. L., & Rodrigues, C. (2017). The Chinese football development plan: Soft power and national identity. Holos, 5, 114-124.
- Kalashi, M., Eydi, H., Abbasi, H., & Rajaii, M. H. (2019). Estimated of Gross Domestic Sport Product and Changes in its components (1996-2015). Sport Management Studies, 11(54), 17-32.
- Kalashi, M., Hoseini, S.E., & Rajaii, M. H. (2016). The Effect of Government and Households Sports Expenditure to Gross Domestic Product in Iran. Sport Management Studies, 8(38), 165-182.
- Kavvadia, H., Adam, M. C., Clemons, K., Devenyi, V., Girotto, E., Lisova, Y., ... & Vojta, Z. (2018). The economic diplomacy of small states. A case study of the grand duchy of Luxembourg: Trade and services, official development assistance (ODA), foreign direct investment (FDI). A Case Study of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg: Trade and Services, Official Development Assistance (Oda), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)(March 28, 2018).
- Khodadadi, M.R., Shirafkan, M., Masoomzadeh, S., & Faridfathi, M. (2019). Convergence of Export of Sporting Goods in Iran: Generalized Method of Moments. Sport Management Studies, 11(53), 17-32. [In Persian]
- Kinyili, B. M., & Chaudhry, S. (2021). The Role of Sports Diplomacy in Advancing Environmental Security in Africa: Case of Forest Conservation in Kenya. International Relations, 9(05), 199-210.
- Li, Y. (2019). Saudi Arabia’s economic diplomacy through foreign aid: dynamics, objectives and mode. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 13(1), 110-122.
- Narouei, H., & Sanaei, A. (2022). India’s Priorities in Economic Diplomacy and Its Effect on Economic Relations with Iran. Journal of Subcontinent Researches, 14(42), 361-388. [in Persian]
- Okano-Heijmans, M., & Asano, T. (2018). Economic diplomacy Routledge Handbook of Japanese Foreign Policy (pp. 251-266): Routledge.
- Papadimitriou, P., & Pistikou, V. (2015). Economic diplomacy in national security. Procedia Economics and Finance, 19, 129-145.
- Peternel, I., & Grešš, M. (2021). Economic diplomacy: concept for economic prosperity in Croatia. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 109-121.
- Rah Nejat, M. (2021). Investigating the Challenges of Economic Diplomacy of the Eleventh Administration in the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO). State Studies, 6(24), 1-40. [In Persian]
- Rahulan, M., Troynikov, O., Watson, C., Janta, M., & Senner, V. (2013). Consumer purchase behaviour of sports compression Garments–A study of generation Y and baby boomer cohorts. Procedia Engineering, 60, 163-169.
- Rezaei, F., Khalilzadeh, M., & Soleimani, P. (2021). Factors affecting knowledge management and its effect on organizational performance: mediating the role of human capital. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2021, 1-16. [In Persian]
- Rofe, J.S., & Postlethwaite, V. (2021). Scholarship and Sports Diplomacy: the Cases of Japan and the United Kingdom. Diplomatica, 3(2), 363-385.
- Sadeghi Shahdani, M., Tavakoli, R., & Arabpour, A. (2021). A Model for Formulating Economic Diplomacy Policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the Review of the Higher Level Documents. Quarterly Journal of The Macro and Strategic Policies, 9(5), 106-130. [In Persian]
- Sun, L. (2018, April). Multi-angle Quantitative Analysis of Constraints of Sports Economic Development. In 2018 International Conference on Management and Education, Humanities and Social Sciences (MEHSS 2018) (pp. 133-136). Atlantis Press.
- Tavakoli, Z., & Barzegar, K. (2022). Economic Diplomacy And Neighborhood Policy Of Iran And Turkmenistan. Central Asia And The Caucasus Journal, 27(116), 3-28. [In Persian]
- Van Bergeijk, P. A., & Moons, S. J. (2018). Introduction to the Research Handbook on Economic Diplomacy. In Research Handbook on Economic Diplomacy (pp. 1-29). Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Zare, A., Izadi, B., Rascher, D. and Dickson, G. (2023). Framework of macroeconomic diplomacy strategies in the country's sports. Journal of Sport Management and Development, 12(2), 187-209. [In Persian]
- Zhang, B., Qin, K. L., & Cao, X. F. (2016). Sports industry and economic development correlation degree research based on grey relational degree model. International Journal of Sports and Physical Education, 2(1), 6-12.
)