Ismaeil Malekakhlagh; zahra taslimi; Mohammad Reihani; Nastaran Salimi
Abstract
Objective: In this article, it has been tried to recognize effective factors on strategy implementation in Iranian governmental sport organizations in the first step. As a second step, the effective factors were prioritized in order to do successful strategy implementation. Methodology: Research method ...
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Objective: In this article, it has been tried to recognize effective factors on strategy implementation in Iranian governmental sport organizations in the first step. As a second step, the effective factors were prioritized in order to do successful strategy implementation. Methodology: Research method was a descriptive survey. The statistical populations included sport management instructors and strategic management professors. By using Purposive sampling, 73 professors took part in research. The structured questionnaire was used to collect data that its validity and reliability were confirmed by factor analysis method (EFA and CFA). Freidman test (p ≤ 0.05) was used to hypothesis testing. Finding: Results showed that four external factors and six internal factors affected strategy implementation. External factors were prioritized equally. In internal factors, the first priority was finance resources and the last priority was organizational structure.
Homayun Abbassi; Seyyed Nasrollah Sajadi; Hossein Eydi; Mohsen Loqmani
Abstract
Objective:The aim of present study was to design the organizational culture model of Iranian sports federations. To this end, various investigations were done from sport experts (five team sports federations and five individual sports federations) and the 253 employees selected for this research. Methodology: ...
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Objective:The aim of present study was to design the organizational culture model of Iranian sports federations. To this end, various investigations were done from sport experts (five team sports federations and five individual sports federations) and the 253 employees selected for this research. Methodology: In order to collect data, Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) consisting of six factors with 24 items was used. The construct validity (NFI= 0.93, CFI= 0.92, GFI= 0.91, RMSEA= 0.062, χ2/df= 2.60) and internal reliability (r = 0.88) were good. The questionnaires were distributed among the sample. Analyses were done by Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS and LISREL. Results: Results indicated that the most intercorrelation exists between the strategic emphases and achievement indexes (r = 0.82, p≤ 0.001). The factors of obvious characteristics (E= 1.00) and strategic emphases (E= 1.36) are the best predictors of organizational culture model in Iranian sports federations. Conclusion: In addition to the other aspects of organizational culture such as organizational leadership and employee management, we can also expect that the applied and executive fundamentals of sport achievement and effectiveness are provided by focusing on strategic emphases.
Shirin Shirzad MollaBashi; Abolfazl Farahani; MohammadReza Assad
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the women's managerial appointment in the ministry of youth affairs and sports. It was a survey done as a field study. Methodology: The study population consisted of all female sport managers in the directorates of youth affairs ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the women's managerial appointment in the ministry of youth affairs and sports. It was a survey done as a field study. Methodology: The study population consisted of all female sport managers in the directorates of youth affairs and sports. The sample size was equal to population size (N=n=124). The instrument included the demographics information and structured items. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.081. Descriptive statistics and Friedman rank test were used to analyze data. Results: Results indicated that effective factors of women's managerial appointment were self-confidence, religious beliefs, policy, family responsibilities and gender socialization respectively (X2=17.961, P<0/05). Conclusion: Women can win the managerial positions in the directorates of youth affairs and sports if the conditions are provided.
jahangir Soleimani-damaneh; Seyyed Ahmad Nejad Sajadi Nejad Sajadi; Mehdi Salimi
Abstract
Objective: This study aims at identifying and prioritizing the performance evaluation indices of Iranian directorates of Sports and youth form the experts' viewpoints using the AHP model. Methodology: This is an analytical study and the research population is comprised of sport management professors ...
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Objective: This study aims at identifying and prioritizing the performance evaluation indices of Iranian directorates of Sports and youth form the experts' viewpoints using the AHP model. Methodology: This is an analytical study and the research population is comprised of sport management professors in Tehran state universities (N=186). Considering the required number of the participants in AHP Model for decision-making, the 60 people were randomly chosen as the sample. To identify the indices, a preliminary questionnaire was developed using literature review and distributed among the participants in two steps. With regard to the comments, a questionnaire with five criteria and 26 sub-criteria was finalized and approved. Results: The participants' viewpoints were weighted using the paired comparison matrix. Results indicated that the budget (w = 0.67725) and infrastructure development (w = 0.53921) were ranked the most important indices of input and output respectively. Conclusion: Considering the findings of the study, the directorate administrators are recommended to improve the functional capacity of the organization by paying attention to optimize the use of budget especially development budget in order to develop sports infrastructures.
Fereydoon Manafi; Rahim Ramezaninezhad; Hamidreza i GoharRostami; Salah Dastoom
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to analyze the development of Iranian collegiate athletics in the macro development programs. Methodology: The method of research is descriptive and documentary research. All the documents and reports relevant to the events, actions and activities of the physical ...
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Objective: The purpose of this research was to analyze the development of Iranian collegiate athletics in the macro development programs. Methodology: The method of research is descriptive and documentary research. All the documents and reports relevant to the events, actions and activities of the physical education general office of ministry of science, research and technology were considered as research population. Components and indexes were examined descriptively and compared qualitatively with the development goals and programs of collegiate athletics. Moreover, the changing process of collegiate athletics in the macro development programs was examined and analyzed according to Iran's 1404 vision plan. Results: The results showed that the structural changes and progress of development programs of collegiate athletics have been observed only during the fourth development program although since the beginning of the 2nd and 3rd development programs, it had been asserted to do the programs. The quantitative progress of type and level of events and programs in the development programs were evaluated fairly favorable but they had low stability and quality as well as many unpredictable changes. However, the coverage of students in athletic sport and sport for all, programs per capita, facilities and budget were close to defined goals. The prominent influential dimensions on collegiate athletics development included founding national federation of collegiate athletics and secretariat of sport regions, changed approach from athletic sport to sport for all, and holding nation-wide Olympiads. In sum, the indexes of collegiate athletics development are not in favorable accordance with Iran's 1404 vision plan and five year development program. Conclusion: In general, it is offered to revise and redesign the programs, structures and organizations of collegiate athletics based on criteria and realities of university population in the scopes of education, recreation, sport for all, and athletic sport
Morteza Rezaei Soufi; Abbas Shabani
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the athletic sports in Iran by SWOT analysis. Methodology: The research method was descriptive-analytical. In terms of the purpose, it was an applied study. Data collection included library research, Delphi method and finally a structured questionnaire. ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the athletic sports in Iran by SWOT analysis. Methodology: The research method was descriptive-analytical. In terms of the purpose, it was an applied study. Data collection included library research, Delphi method and finally a structured questionnaire. Using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability value of the questionnaire was 0.96. The statistical population consisted of staff managers and operational managers of the ministry of youth affairs and sports, managers and executive board of national Olympic committee, managers of national Olympic Academy and Paralympics, heads of federations, experts of national Olympic committee, and informant faculty members of physical education. In this study, the sample size was determined equivalent to the research population size. Out of 302 distributed questionnaires, the 238 questionnaires were filled in (79 percent). For data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential tests including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one sample t-test and Friedman's analysis of variance were applied. Results: The results showed that championship sport in Iran was in defensive strategy position (WT). The most advantageous point of championship sport in Iran is the existence of potential talents in some individual sports, while the main drawback is the lack of attention to school sports as the basis of championship sport and lack of talent identification. The most important opportunities of championship sport are that the population is young; whereas the most important threats lay in inappropriate administrative management system for sports in the country. Conclusion: Thus, according to the defensive position of national athletic sports, the practitioners are recommended to use strategies to reduce losses resulting from threats and weaknesses in this domain.
Bahram Akbari; Fariba Askarian; salman jafari; Nasim Akbari
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of socio-economic factors on sports participation in Maragheh households. Methodology: It is an applied descriptive-correlational research. The research population consisted of all the households in the town of Maragheh. According to ...
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of socio-economic factors on sports participation in Maragheh households. Methodology: It is an applied descriptive-correlational research. The research population consisted of all the households in the town of Maragheh. According to the Statistical Yearbook of the province in 2011, Maragheh has the estimated households of 47,982. According to Morgan's table, 386 households were selected as sample by cluster random sampling. The research instrument was the Socio-economic questionnaire (Godratnema, Heidarinejad and Davoodi, 2013). The reliability coefficient was 0.79. To test the normal distribution of data, Kolmogorov- Smirnov was measured. The analysis of data was done using regression at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that social factors did not significantly affect households' sport participation (P≥0.05). However, the economic factors influenced the sports participation (P≤0/001). Conclusion: According to the results, in order to increase the households' sports participation, economic factors are more important than social factors.
Zhaleh Memari; Mohammad Asqari JafarAbadi; Hanieh Nasserzadeh
Abstract
Objective: This research aims at assessing the validation of Ross brand association scale among the selected sports teams in Iran football pro league. Methodology: It was conducted as a descriptive-correlational research. Research sample included 650 fans from teams of Persepoliss, Esteqlal, Tractorsazi ...
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Objective: This research aims at assessing the validation of Ross brand association scale among the selected sports teams in Iran football pro league. Methodology: It was conducted as a descriptive-correlational research. Research sample included 650 fans from teams of Persepoliss, Esteqlal, Tractorsazi and Sepahan in 2012-13 season. Ross Questionnaire with 41 items was translated, retranslated and finally edited to be distributed among the sample. The face and content validity of questionnaire was confirmed by five sports marketing professors. Reliability based on Cronbach's alpha was equal to 0.92 (P <0.01). Also, the construct validity was verified by the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using principal components method with oblique rotation. Results: According to the results, there were nine factors of personality, competition, success, background, stadium, brand, social factor, exclusive privilege and uniqueness explaining 64.289% of variance in the brand association scale. Indexes and outputs showed the fit of model (CFI=0.91). Conclusion: Persian version of the Ross brand association is good instrument to evaluate the brand of professional clubs. Sports marketing managers are recommended to consider these variables in the teams' professionalization process.
Nooshin Benar; Mina Emami; Mina Mallaei
Abstract
Objective: Present research aims at designing the pattern of effect of the event quality, relationship marketing and relationship quality on the spectator loyalty in Iran women's volleyball league. Methodology: This is a descriptive survey. The statistical population was all the spectators of U-15 age ...
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Objective: Present research aims at designing the pattern of effect of the event quality, relationship marketing and relationship quality on the spectator loyalty in Iran women's volleyball league. Methodology: This is a descriptive survey. The statistical population was all the spectators of U-15 age group in the 13th period of super league and Iran women's volleyball first division in 2014. The 306 persons were selected randomly as the research sample. Research instrument was a standard questionnaire that the validity and reliability were verified. It was followed by the distribution of questionnaires among the sample. In order to analyze the research data to present the structural equation model, AMOS21 and SPSS22 software were used. Results: The results indicated that event quality affected spectators' loyalty indirectly (0.22) mediated by relationship marketing and relationship quality. Moreover, the relationship marketing improved the relationship quality by 0.55. Conclusion:Understanding the spectators' needs is one of the essential factors for the success of any sport organization. Therefore, women's volleyball leagues and clubs should try to satisfy the spectators by providing appropriate facilities using modern marketing techniques.
Yasser Safar; Seyyed Moeteza Azimzadeh
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the development of bicycle culture in the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Methodology: The present research is descriptive - analytical. The research population consisted of all the male students (9,234) in the Ferdowsi university ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the development of bicycle culture in the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Methodology: The present research is descriptive - analytical. The research population consisted of all the male students (9,234) in the Ferdowsi university of Mashhad in the second semester of the 2013-2014 academic year. Through Cochran formula, the 312 students were selected as sample. Results: The results showed that more than 86% of students wanted to use the bicycle on campus. The students' first priority to use bicycle was the physical activity and sport. Also, Friedman test showed that the most important factors to develop bicycle culture were equipment and facilities, incentive-supportive policies, and education - advertisement programs respectively. Conclusion: If the university authorities provide conditions for students to ride their own personal bicycles in the university, the bicycle culture will be developed. Moreover, the university needs to develop a comprehensive plan to meet the priorities identified in this research to promote cycling.
Reza Andam; mitra salimi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of present research was to study the factors affecting fan behavioral abnormalities in Iranian handball super league competitions. Methodology: The research method was quantitative analysis. The Statistical population was fans in Iranian handball super league competitions. Finally, ...
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Objective: The purpose of present research was to study the factors affecting fan behavioral abnormalities in Iranian handball super league competitions. Methodology: The research method was quantitative analysis. The Statistical population was fans in Iranian handball super league competitions. Finally, the 407 fans, both male and female, were selected randomly as the sample. The structured questionnaire was used to collect data which its content and face validity was checked and verified by a group of experts. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire (α=0.92). Factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to analyze the data. Results:According to exploratory factor analysis, the 38 variables were classified into six categories of environmental, cultural, psychological, security, protective and managerial. The results showed that the most important item was "the experienced professional players, coaches, and referees" (M=4.42, SD=0.81). The least important component was "the intangible controls of officers" (M=3.26, SD=1.37). The factors affecting fan behavior improvement were ranked managerial, environmental, psychological, protective, cultural, and security factors respectively. Conclusion: According to research findings, considering the managerial factors and training the efficient human resources can be as an effective step in the improvement of fan behavior.
Mehdi Khatibzadeh; Hashem Koozehchian; Afshar Honarvar; Hossin Sadeghi Saghdel
Abstract
Objective: The service quality, satisfaction and intent to return have been always considered a controversial issue. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between service quality with satisfaction and the intent to return of sport tourists.Methodology: The research method ...
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Objective: The service quality, satisfaction and intent to return have been always considered a controversial issue. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between service quality with satisfaction and the intent to return of sport tourists.Methodology: The research method was descriptive – correlative and done as a field study. The statistical sample consisted of 265 tourists attending Tehran’s Azadi stadium to watch the football game between Esteghlal and Persepolis. The research instrument was a questionnaire that had been used in Shonk’s Ph.D. dissertation. The face and content validity was verified by the sport management experts and the construct validity was approved by Exploratory Factor Analysis and. The reliability was also verified by Cronbach’s alpha method (α=0.89). The SPSS19 was used to do descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis. Also, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were done by LISREL.Results: The results showed that satisfaction didn’t mediate the relationship between service quality and the intent to return of sport tourists. Although, satisfaction had a significant effect on the sport tourists' intent to return, the service quality had greater effect on sport tourists' intent to return. Moreover, the influence of service quality on satisfaction was significant.Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that development of sport tourism service quality and its related factors increase sport tourists' satisfaction and their intent to return.
Bahram Youssefi; Hamed Farzi; Kamran Eidipoor
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between effort- reward imbalance and work engagement among the physical education teachers in Lorestan province. Methodology: The research methodology was descriptive-correlative and the population included physical education teachers ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between effort- reward imbalance and work engagement among the physical education teachers in Lorestan province. Methodology: The research methodology was descriptive-correlative and the population included physical education teachers in Lorestan province. According to the Morgan’s table (1970), the 186 teachers (102 men, 84 women) were selected as the sample. The instruments were the demographics, Schaufeli & Bakker’s work engagement questionnaire and Siegrist’s effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaires were evaluated based on professors' viewpoints. To measure the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha was used. To this end, the 25 questionnaires were distributed among the selected sample. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the ERI questionnaire was 0.80 and for the work engagement questionnaire was 0.89. Results: For data analysis, the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation and regression were used. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between the demographics and work engagement. Moreover, the effort-reward imbalance had a reverse and significant relationship with work engagement. Finally, reward-effort indices were the good explanatory for the rate of work engagement. Conclusion: Overall, teachers who had high ERI experienced low rate of work engagement.
Atefeh Azimi Delarestaghi; Ali Mohammad Safania; Adeleh Azimi Delarestaghi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the criteria to design the sports furniture in sports-based theme parks through the attitudes of sport management faculty members all over Iran. Methodology: The research method was survey. Data collection was through field study. Statistical ...
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Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the criteria to design the sports furniture in sports-based theme parks through the attitudes of sport management faculty members all over Iran. Methodology: The research method was survey. Data collection was through field study. Statistical population included all the faculty members of the state universities in the fields of sport management who had at least assistant professor degree (N =75). According to Morgan's table, the 60 faculty members were selected randomly as sample. The instrument was a structured questionnaire sent by e-mail to the sample. Validity was confirmed by faculty members. Reliability was reported desirable: Cronbach α = 0.97. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (frequency, minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t-test) were done. Results: According to faculty members' attitudes, all the criteria significantly influenced the sports furniture of sports-based theme parks (p<0.05) (security: M=10.13, appearance: M=8.89, function: M=8.56, and health stations: M=6.61). Conclusion: Sports Furnitureof public places like sports-based theme parks proves the urban practitioners' attention to sport. Sports Furniture of sports-based theme parks develops citizen sport, and motivates people to use them. They are welcomed by people due to being accessible and free besides.
sara keshkar; Hamid Ghasemi; Vahid Choopankareh
Abstract
Objective: Sport as one of the man's prominent activities has an important role in citizen life. Nowadays, the urban parks are very important places to take part in physical activities and communicate with other people. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of social communication ...
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Objective: Sport as one of the man's prominent activities has an important role in citizen life. Nowadays, the urban parks are very important places to take part in physical activities and communicate with other people. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of social communication on recreational sport participation in the urban parks focused on demographic characteristics of participants. Methodology: It is a descriptive survey done as a field study. The research population was the people who participated in physical activities in the parks of Mashhad. According to Morgan's sampling table, the sample size was 384 participants selected by cluster random sampling. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire prepared considering the research literature and background. The validity was approved by the experts. Cronbach's Alpha showed a high reliability (α= 0.88). Results: Making friends and communicating with the peers were the important motivations for the participants. Accompanying friends were considered as a strong stimulus for participants to continue sport participation in the parks. Interestingly, the communication networks of recreational sport participation have been extended to non-sport spaces. Conclusion: The old people, individuals with higher education degree and the divorced ones do not mind sport participation to make social communication.
