MehrAli Hemmatinezhad; Mohammad Hasan Gholizadeh; Tracy Taylor; Rasoul Faraji
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 1-14
Abstract
Objective: In this study, the role of the planning and management of the football games on security of the stadiums has been investigated. Methodology: Twelve semi-structured interviews with experts (one football expert, two stadium managers, five police officers, and four university professors) were ...
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Objective: In this study, the role of the planning and management of the football games on security of the stadiums has been investigated. Methodology: Twelve semi-structured interviews with experts (one football expert, two stadium managers, five police officers, and four university professors) were conducted to provide data on the main factors affecting the security of Iranian football stadiums. A 28-item questionnaire related to the impact of planning and managing football games’ on the security of the stadiums was designed and 144 key participants (including police officers, soccer experts and organizers, and stadium managers) answered them. The obtained data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a varimax rotation in order to identify factors, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) which was conducted to test the impact of the identified factors and items on the stadium security. Results: The results showed that game planning and management is one of the main factors affecting the security of the stadiums. In addition, risk and crisis management, communication management, match day service quality and finally cultural activities, respectively with 0.85, 0.83, 0.84 and 0.86 factor loading, as four sub-factors for game planning and management, affect the security of the stadiums (P<0.05). Conclusion: Football games organizers’ proper planning and also stadiums managers’ good management will improve the security of the football stadiums by enhancement of spectators’ satisfaction and prevention of violent behaviors.
Abdolhamid Papzan; Hosin Agahi; Mahna Shahmoradi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 15-29
Abstract
Objective: The main objective of this study was to develop sports in rural areas of Kermanshah, with an emphasis on indigenous and local sports. Methodology: This study is an applied research and considering its method is a qualitative research. In this research, study population consisted of all rural ...
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Objective: The main objective of this study was to develop sports in rural areas of Kermanshah, with an emphasis on indigenous and local sports. Methodology: This study is an applied research and considering its method is a qualitative research. In this research, study population consisted of all rural people of Kermanshah. Commensurate with the nature of qualitative research that does not follow statistical sampling, purposeful sampling was used in this study. Stopping criterion of sampling was duplicate data or information saturation and lack of access to more new data. Results: Findings of this study showed that learning and practicing of various skills, benefits of the diversity of local and indigenous sports, facility of local and indigenous sports, connection with cultural constructions of villages, high compatibility with conditions of today's society, preventing social diversions in youth, and existence of groundwork for holding local and indigenous sports festival are the most important opportunities on local and indigenous sport in rural areas of Kermanshah for the rural sports development. Conclusion: To develop sport among different classes of the rural society, due to the high potential of indigenous and local sports and close relationship with the customs and movement patterns of people in rural areas, it is recommended to identifiy and introduce local and indigenous games and sports and to have a careful planning at the strategic and operational levels to not only revive these sports, but also maintain the originality of Iranian culture and its continuity in society. An effective step in enriching the leisure time of rural people and their families is to promote physical and mental health of people in rural areas.
Ali Mohammad Safania
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 30-41
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research is to determine the relation between dimentions of learning organization and organizational readiness for change on the experts of ministry of sport and youth. Methodology: This research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical society was all of experts in ...
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Objective: The aim of this research is to determine the relation between dimentions of learning organization and organizational readiness for change on the experts of ministry of sport and youth. Methodology: This research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical society was all of experts in the ministry. They were 300 experts that 169 of them answered to Dimension's Learning Organizations Questionnaire (DLOQ) and organizational readiness for change. First, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for data analysis and to determine normal data distribution, then the correlation coefficient spearman, correlation coefficient Ata, and multivariate regression were used for examination of hypothesis . Results: The results of this research, show that there is a significant relationship between learning organization and organizational readiness for change. In addition, among the dimensions of the learning organization, there was meaningful relationship between continuous learning, research and study, group learning, merged systems, systematic relation and strategic leadership with organizational readiness for change. Conclusion: Based on the research results, it is offered that experts of the sport and youth ministry provide a base for change and movement to being a learning-based organization with creating the model of the learning organization.
Hamid Reza Goharrostami; Seyad Morteza Azimzadeh
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 42-56
Abstract
Objective: As society advances economically, matures culturally, and increases its knowledge, the societal demands for quality service increase. Therefore, performance of sport organizations is measured by both efficiency (resource utilization) and effectiveness (customer satisfaction) in terms ...
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Objective: As society advances economically, matures culturally, and increases its knowledge, the societal demands for quality service increase. Therefore, performance of sport organizations is measured by both efficiency (resource utilization) and effectiveness (customer satisfaction) in terms of service quality delivery for sport customers. The purpose of this research was to determine relationship between service quality and participants’ satisfaction in health stations of Tehran parks. Methodology: The present study is descriptive.For data collection, field study and questionnaire were used. The population included the participants in sport programs of parks’ health stations in district 6 of Tehran municipality. 210 of the population were randomly selected. Results: The results showed that there was no significant relationship between demographic variable with overall satisfaction but there was a significant relationship between frequencies of week at health station with overall satisfaction. Conclusion: Service quality dimensions in this research influenced on results quality and results quality affected overall satisfaction. In fact, result quality as process variable and mediator between service quality and overall satisfaction should be considered in sport.
Bahzad Izadi; Mohammad Ehsani; Hashem Koozechian; Farshad Tojari
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 57-70
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate management role on improving fan relationship quality in Iranian premier Football league. Methodology: The research was a developmental research considering the purpose and a mixed research considering the nature of data. The statistical population was ...
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Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate management role on improving fan relationship quality in Iranian premier Football league. Methodology: The research was a developmental research considering the purpose and a mixed research considering the nature of data. The statistical population was consisted of football fans which were older than sixteen years. 527 questionnaires were selected as study sample from 674 gathered questionnaires based on the research definition of fan which tells a fan should attend above 8 games of their favorite team in a season. Descriptive and inferential statistics including Kolmogroff- Smirnoff, Pearson correlation, and structural equation models (SEM) were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that fan relationship management factors have positive and significant effect on relationship quality. They also proved that service quality (0.405) and knowledge management (0.536) have a direct and positive significant effect on relationship quality. Conclusion: According to results, organizational support can improve relationship quality through service quality and knowledge management.
Mohsen Ghofrani
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 71-81
Abstract
Objective: Empirical evidence shows that social responsibility activities can have a positive impact by strengthening reputation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social responsibility and reputation of gym clubs in Sistan and Baluchestan. Methodology: The methodology ...
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Objective: Empirical evidence shows that social responsibility activities can have a positive impact by strengthening reputation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social responsibility and reputation of gym clubs in Sistan and Baluchestan. Methodology: The methodology of research was descriptive correlational and according to its applicable purpose, the research was done in the field. The population of the study were all bodybuilders of Sistan and Baluchestan which according to Morgan Table, 384 of them were selected as the sample. Tools for data collection was a researcher-made social responsibility questionnaire and Reseller’s reputation questionnaire. Validity of questionnaires was confirmed by five Professors of physical education and the reliability of the questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, were respectively (0.89) and (0.93). In order to analyze the data, in descriptive section, the mean and the standard deviation and in the analytical part, the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression were used. Results: The results showed that all aspects of social responsibility have a positive and significant relationship with the club's reputation. In addition, the dimensions of legalizing (β =0.291), moral (β=0.238), philanthropy (β =0.206), and economic (β= 0.19) were significant predictors for reputation. Conclusion: Therefore, managers should pay more attention to social responsibility to contribute to their clubs’ reputation.
Mahbobeh Surani; Rahim Ramezaninezhad; Noshin Benar
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 82-95
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research was to study CEO’s skills and to determine the priority of them in the current and the desired situation. Methodology: This research is a descriptive-analytical study and was performed in the field. Statistical population and sample were all the managers in different ...
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Objective: The aim of this research was to study CEO’s skills and to determine the priority of them in the current and the desired situation. Methodology: This research is a descriptive-analytical study and was performed in the field. Statistical population and sample were all the managers in different levels and branches of Sepahan, Zob Ahan, Foladmahan and Gitypasand clubs in Isfahan province (83 people). The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by experts and professors and the reliability coefficient was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.972). Also, Amos software was used for confirmatory factor analysis and it confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. In this study, the Friedman test was used to determine the priority of skills in the current and desired situation. Also current situation was compared with the desired situation by Wilcoxon test (P≤0/05). Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean rank of skills in desired situation (sig= 0.075). However, there was significant difference between the mean rank of skills in current situation. The priority of skills was respectively technical, political, human, and conceptual. Conclusion: The results of comparing current and desired statues showed that top managers did not have the required skills such as technical, political and conceptual skills. Therefore, club managers should strive to improve their skills.
Taraneh karimi; Afshar Honarvar; Farideh Ashraf Ganjoei
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 96-110
Abstract
Abstract Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between sport tourism and selected dimensions of civil development from the experts and officials point of view, including: job creation, generateing income, decreasing poverty and investment in Tehran. Methodology: The ...
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Abstract Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between sport tourism and selected dimensions of civil development from the experts and officials point of view, including: job creation, generateing income, decreasing poverty and investment in Tehran. Methodology: The research method was descriptive and survey. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. To approve the content validity of questionnaire, sport management professors’ views and to analyze the construct validity and classify the questions based on specific objectives of the study, exploratory factor analysis were used. The reliability of survey was confirmed by a pilot study and Chronbach's Alpha coefficient (r= 0.95). Statistical sample of the research was composed of 150 individuals: experts in tourism department of Cultural Heritage Organization, managers and other authorities who had participated in the Tehran sports’ event. The data were analyzed by factor analysis and inferential level methods and figured out by SPSS and LISREL softwares. Results: Results of confirmatory factor analysis showed significant relationships between sport tourism and variables: job creation, investment, and generating income and decreasing poverty. In spite of that all relations were significant, but the relationship between sport tourism and "generating income and decreasing poverty" was stronger. Conclusions: The results indicated that meanwhile sports events being held in Tehran have short term and direct advantages, they can also have some long-term and indirect advantages for the city. Therefore by planning, the sport events are not considered solely as the factor of spending considerable expenses, but also can be a profit provider factor in different aspects of urban development. Key words: sport tourism, job creation, income, investment
Mohammad Rahim Ramezanian; Zahra Taslimi; Zahra Rohani; Elaheh Medadi Nansa
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 111-123
Abstract
Objective: This paper first tries to identify Six Sigma deployment challenges in sports organization and then prioritizes challenges through necessary actions. Methodology: This research was a descriptive and survey research. The statistical populations were sport management and quality management professors. ...
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Objective: This paper first tries to identify Six Sigma deployment challenges in sports organization and then prioritizes challenges through necessary actions. Methodology: This research was a descriptive and survey research. The statistical populations were sport management and quality management professors. By using purposive sampling 50 professors participated in the research. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data that its validity and reliability was confirmed by factor analysis method (IFA & CFA). All factors except strategy were confirmed. Freidman test (p ≤ 0.05) was elected to test the hypothesis. Results: Results showed 5 6sigma deployment challenges in sport organizations. These challenges were named as leadership and management, process management, HR empowerment, teamwork, and quality management. Conclusion: The specific role of leadership and management as the most important factor to deploy 6sigma in sport organization was confirmed. In addition, senior management support, process management, HR empowerment to deploy Six Sigma, teamwork and its institutionalization in organizational culture and creating quality control circles all have important roles deploying 6sigma in sport organizations.
Ebrahim Salahi Omran; Mohammad Javadipour; Somayeh Mohammdizad
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 124-135
Abstract
Objective: The present research examine educational goals achievement in three cognitive, perspective, and psychomotor domains of physical education in elementary schools of Mazandaran province. Methodology: This research was descriptive.Statistical population of this research consisted of physical education ...
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Objective: The present research examine educational goals achievement in three cognitive, perspective, and psychomotor domains of physical education in elementary schools of Mazandaran province. Methodology: This research was descriptive.Statistical population of this research consisted of physical education teachers of Mazandaran province and fourth and fifth grade elementary school students of Babol. For data collection, questionnaire, skillful checklist and standardized best Aahperd test were used. To measure questionnaire and checklist’s validity, Alfa coefficient of Kronbakh was used that were estimated r=0.96 and r= 0.95, respectively. Data analysis through inferential statistic included tables, frequency percentage, and through perceptional statistic included one-way variance analysis test, one sample t test, independent t test in order to determine significant difference between groups and Leven test. Results: The research results showed the educational goals of physical education during elementary period in knowledge level was less than average, in skill level was more than average and in approaching level was more than average. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it is suggested that future researches study the factors that affect the achievement and not-achievement of educational goals in three cognitive, perspective and psychomotor domains of physical education in elementary schools.
Farideh Hadavi; Mehdi Talebpour; Abolfasle Farahani; Azam Nakhieniazi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 136-151
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to predict organizational entrepreneurship of Sports and Youth Ministry managers and experts based on emotional and cultural intelligence. Methodology: The study is practical and correlational plan. 273 managers and experts of Sport and Youth Ministry were selected as sample. ...
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Objective: This study aims to predict organizational entrepreneurship of Sports and Youth Ministry managers and experts based on emotional and cultural intelligence. Methodology: The study is practical and correlational plan. 273 managers and experts of Sport and Youth Ministry were selected as sample. Subjects completed three questionnaires of Ang’s cultural intelligence, Shering’s emotional intelligence and Marguerite Hill’s organizational entrepreneurship and their reliability were determined as 0.78, 0.87, and 0.82 respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression). Results: The study results showed that there is a positive relationship between organizational entrepreneurship and emotional intelligence (r=0.30) and cultural intelligence (r=0.29). Results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that all aspects of cultural intelligence (cognitive (ß =-0.21), meta-cognitive (ß=0.17), motivation (ß=0.20) and behavioral (ß=0.18) dimensions) are good predictors of organizational entrepreneurship, while only two dimensions of emotional intelligence (self-awareness (ß =0.19), and self-management (ß=0.19)) can predict organizational entrepreneurship. Conclution: In summary, emotional and cultural intelligence affects organizational entrepreneurship; and Sports and Youth Ministry managers and experts can increase organizational entrepreneurship rate to some extends using these major types of intelligence.
Reza Andam; Sohaila Roohparvar
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 152-164
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between managers’ moral intelligence and effectiveness of voluntary sport organizations in North Khorasan province. Methodology: The method of this study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this study ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between managers’ moral intelligence and effectiveness of voluntary sport organizations in North Khorasan province. Methodology: The method of this study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this study comprised the sports associations managers and members. Due to limitation of the community, the statistical sample was equal to statistical population (n=N). Therefore, 184 people (59 managers and 125 members) completed the moral intelligence questionnaire of Lennick & Kiel (2011) and organizational effectiveness questionnaire of Eidy (2012). The validity of questionnaires was confirmed by corrective comments of experts of sport management, sports board managers, and their members and their reliability was determined by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient 0.90 (MIQ) and 0.92 (OEQ) respectively. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogrov-Smirnof, Spearman Correlation, Mann-Whitney Test & Kruskal-Wallis Test) (α≤0.05). Results: The result showed that the relationship bwtween managers’ moral intelligence sports staff effectiveness was positive and significant (r=0.19, P=0.02). Also, there were no significant difference among mean scores of moral intelligence and demographic variables. Conclusion: Considering the positive relationship between moral intelligence and effectiveness of voluntary sport organizations, the necessity of the moral intelligence of managers is emphasized for better effectiveness of organizations.
Mostafa Tahmasbpour Shafiei; Farideh Alizadeh
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 165-179
Abstract
Objective: This research tries to evaluate promotion element among the various elements of combined sport marketing in teams of Mazandaran’s football super-league in the two existing and desirable situations. Methodology: This method of research was descriptive. The population of the study ...
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Objective: This research tries to evaluate promotion element among the various elements of combined sport marketing in teams of Mazandaran’s football super-league in the two existing and desirable situations. Methodology: This method of research was descriptive. The population of the study included staff managers of youth and sport organizations, board members of the football associationss and football coaches in Mazandaran super league (N=126) who answered a modified quetionnaire with appropriate validity and stability (0.94). To examine the research hypothesis were used the parametric and non-parametric statistical tests in software of spss 17 . Results: Findings showed that there is a meaningful difference between existing and desirable situations of promotion mix. According to the mean ranking, the scores of existing situation was lower than the desirable situation. It means that in the existing situation has been paid less attention to promotion indicator in combined marketing of Mazandaran’s football super-league. Conclusion: Therefore, football’s super league officials of the province should remove the gap between the existing and desirable situations through of required devises.
MohammadAli Ghare
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 180-198
Abstract
Objective: This study has been done to determine the validity and reliability of measurement scale heroic character in Iranian soccer league players. Methodology: The sample of this study was 162 Iranian premier soccer league players that were selected among all players who participated in 2012-2013 ...
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Objective: This study has been done to determine the validity and reliability of measurement scale heroic character in Iranian soccer league players. Methodology: The sample of this study was 162 Iranian premier soccer league players that were selected among all players who participated in 2012-2013 season (N= 396). The sampling method in team selecting phase was availability and in player selecting phase all players were selected. To classify the questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis method was applied. In order to test the efficiency of the model, Bartlett test results were also applied. For testing the study’s hypothesises, Kolmogrov-Smirnov test to verify the distribution of data, and the one-way t, and confirmatory factor analysis (Two-way processes) were also carried out to appraise results of exploratory factor analysis. The data were evaluated and measured significantly different, P≤0/05, with the help of Amos software version 18, and SPSS version 16. Results: The results showed that the total mean scores of morality in soccer league players were 73.59 ± 12.72 and the mean subscale scores are evaluated in average level. However, Peikan team got the least scores and Hamedan Pas the most. The results also showed that morality scales have structural validity, factor structure and internal consistency. Conclusion: According to the findings and the fact that morality can be measured; it is suggested especially locally that in future researches, this instrument can be applied to obtain morality results.
Mahmood Fazel Bakhsheshi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, Pages 199-209
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between work ethic and job satisfaction among employees of sport and youth organizations of Northern Khorasan province. Methodology: The statistical society included all sport and youth organization employees of Northern Khorasan ...
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between work ethic and job satisfaction among employees of sport and youth organizations of Northern Khorasan province. Methodology: The statistical society included all sport and youth organization employees of Northern Khorasan province (N=95). To collect data, the standard job satisfaction questionnaire of Wysocki and Krumm (1991) with 41 items and the work ethic questionnaire of Hyan et al (2004) with 23 items were used. The reliability of questionnaires were α=0.89 and α=0.91 respectively. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Multivariate linear regression in level of (p≤ 0.01). Results: The results showed a positive significant relationship(p<0.01) between job satisfaction and work ethic (r=0.703). Moreover,there was significant relationship among the three dimensions of work ethic of senior management support of ethical behavior (r=0.487), the ethical climate of the organization (r=0.686), and ethical behavior and career success in the organization (r=0.469) with job satisfaction (p<0.01). Regression analysis showed that the variables of ethical climate and senior management support of ethical behavior are significant predictors of job satisfaction (p<0.01). But, the relationship between ethical behavior and career success did not show any significant differences. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the ethical environment can certainly increase job satisfaction among employees.
