Zahra Mohammadi; sara keshkar; Habib Honari; GHolamali Karegar
Abstract
Objective: The global trend of population aging presents numerous challenges for countries. One such challenge is age discrimination. This study aims to provide a model for managing age discrimination against older adults in sports. Methodology: This study was qualitative and fundamental in purpose. ...
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Objective: The global trend of population aging presents numerous challenges for countries. One such challenge is age discrimination. This study aims to provide a model for managing age discrimination against older adults in sports. Methodology: This study was qualitative and fundamental in purpose. It was conducted using the grounded theory method based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (1997). The population consisted of selected older adults, and specialists in sports management and physical education, cultural sociology, gerontology, and psychology. Research samples were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling, resulting in 20 interviews that achieved theoretical saturation. The validity of the data was confirmed according to the criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba.Results: By analyzing the interviews, initially conceptual propositions and then open codes and axial codes were formulated in the context of six dimensions that include causal factors (7), contextual factors (4), intervening factors (5), strategies (4), outcomes (4), and the central category that forms the final model Discussion: Implementing an anti-discrimination model in sports can enhance the conditions and opportunities for older adults and other age groups. This model includes policy approaches, encouragement and support, awareness raising, and organizational culture development. Furthermore, with appropriate policymaking, creating discrimination-free sports environments will be achievable, contributing to social justice and improving the quality of life for older adults.
sara keshkar
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers and opportunities for the use of renewable energy sources in the Iranian football stadiums.Methodology: The present study was conducted using a qualitative method. Thematic analysis technique was used for qualitative data analysis.The ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers and opportunities for the use of renewable energy sources in the Iranian football stadiums.Methodology: The present study was conducted using a qualitative method. Thematic analysis technique was used for qualitative data analysis.The participants of the study included experts in the field of sustainable development, managers and technical engineers of the stadiums where the Iranian Football Premier League was held in the years 1398 to 1399 Iran. The participants were selected by purposive sampling method following with snowball method until theoretical saturation was reached (N = 12).Results: The analysis of the interviews resulted to 31 open codes and three main themes in the barriers section, and 9 open codes and two main themes in the opportunities section. The main themes obtained in the barriers section include managerial barriers, political and economic barriers, and development barriers and in the opportunities section include geographical and cultural barriers, marketing and human resources.Conclusion: The results of the present study can be used in the construction of green stadiums based on sustainable development in Iran. Also, considering the identified opportunities in the field of exploitation of renewable energy sources in the country and according to the requirements of FIFA and the National Olympic Committee for the construction of green sports venues and stadiums, sports officials should take positive steps in this field.
Abolfazl Bejani; ehsan ghaem maghami; sara keshkar; maziyar kalashi
Abstract
Objective: The present research surveyed the effect of advertisement color and environmental guidance marks on Tabriz simultaneous chess players Methodology: The research was descriptive-survey and data were collected on field. The instrument was an author-made questionnaire approved by professors and ...
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Objective: The present research surveyed the effect of advertisement color and environmental guidance marks on Tabriz simultaneous chess players Methodology: The research was descriptive-survey and data were collected on field. The instrument was an author-made questionnaire approved by professors and experts. The statistical population was all 700 players of Tabriz simultaneous chess competition and sample population was 248 according to Morgan sampling chart. The face reliability of the author-made questionnaire was approved by sport management and chess professors and the validity was 0.783 using Cronbach Alpha Coefficient test. Results: The findings showed that all of the colors including warm and cold colors had effect on player’s attention. Also, the pink, turquois, yellow, red, green, blue silver and orange colors have effect on attention, respectively. The results showed that different colors had effect on “Attention”, “Interest”, “Desire” and “Action”. Conclusion: For best performance, it should be better to pay attention of the environmental colors in chess competitions.
mostafa soltani; Gholam Ali Kargar; sara keshkar; Farzad Ghafori
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of present study was designing the revenue model for iranian professional football clubs. Methodology: The method of this study was exploratory mixed. The population of qualitative and quantitative research in this study were all of the football industry elite. Sampling in qualitative ...
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Objective: The purpose of present study was designing the revenue model for iranian professional football clubs. Methodology: The method of this study was exploratory mixed. The population of qualitative and quantitative research in this study were all of the football industry elite. Sampling in qualitative part of this study was targeted stratified and in quantitative part was targeted. The instrument used to collect data in this study was a researcher made questionnaire. Content analysis was used to analyze interviews with experts and structural equation model to evaluate the model. All the present data analysis with using SPSS version 22 and software PLS was performed. Results: The results showed that commercial, fans, media, advertising, match day revenue, others and financial sponsors with path coefficients: 0.352, 0.189, 0.178, 0.169, 0.146, 0.138 and 0.137 could be the most important sources of revenue for iranian football clubs. Conclusion: Clubs can use new marketing techniques and various sources of revenue, such as: commercial, fans, media rights, advertising, match day revenue, financial sponsors and other resources, to meet the financial needs, develop clubs and have strong presence in the domestic and international arena.
sara keshkar; Hamid Ghasemi; Vahid Choopankareh
Abstract
Objective: Sport as one of the man's prominent activities has an important role in citizen life. Nowadays, the urban parks are very important places to take part in physical activities and communicate with other people. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of social communication ...
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Objective: Sport as one of the man's prominent activities has an important role in citizen life. Nowadays, the urban parks are very important places to take part in physical activities and communicate with other people. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of social communication on recreational sport participation in the urban parks focused on demographic characteristics of participants. Methodology: It is a descriptive survey done as a field study. The research population was the people who participated in physical activities in the parks of Mashhad. According to Morgan's sampling table, the sample size was 384 participants selected by cluster random sampling. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire prepared considering the research literature and background. The validity was approved by the experts. Cronbach's Alpha showed a high reliability (α= 0.88). Results: Making friends and communicating with the peers were the important motivations for the participants. Accompanying friends were considered as a strong stimulus for participants to continue sport participation in the parks. Interestingly, the communication networks of recreational sport participation have been extended to non-sport spaces. Conclusion: The old people, individuals with higher education degree and the divorced ones do not mind sport participation to make social communication.
Hamid Ghasemi; Sara Keshkar; Laila Mohammadi; Abolfazl Bejani
Volume 3, Issue 1 , April 2014, , Pages 99-115
Abstract
AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate participants’ behavior in predicting football competitions and marketing quality of the organizations offering this service.Methodology: The statistical population was 20000 participants involved in predicting competition in Rasht city ...
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AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate participants’ behavior in predicting football competitions and marketing quality of the organizations offering this service.Methodology: The statistical population was 20000 participants involved in predicting competition in Rasht city out of which 380 samples were chosen randomly according to Morgan sampling table. The method of this research was descriptive - survey.Results: The results showed that the most majority of the participants were youth and adolescents whose aim of participation was just to entertain. There were significant differences between demographic characteristics (marital status, age, sexuality and education) and levels of behavior among participants. Moreover, from the marketing point of view, it was found that the majority of participants were loyal to these competitions, but the degree of loyalty changed based on external factors. Studying the marketing situation of the responsible organizations showed that all of the factors were used appropriately from participants’ perspective.Conclusion: Participating in a recreational activity was the main reason for the majority of participants whose participation rate differs among them regarding to their demographic characteristics. Moreover, the Conversancy of the predicting company authorities in using the most effective marketing methods for attracting more customers is considerable. So it's necessary to plan suitably in order to fulfill youth recreational and entertainment needs and inform them about predicting and gambling harms through media to Acculturate valuable and useful activities.Keywords: Behavior, Marketing mix, Predicting, Sport competition.
