fatemeh saeedi; noshin benar; Seyed Reza Miraskari
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to examine the barriers to employment in Iran's sports labor market, with a particular emphasis on the macroenvironment, by synthesizing previous research.Methodology: The research employed a qualitative meta-synthesis approach using qualitative content analysis. The statistical ...
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Objective: This study aims to examine the barriers to employment in Iran's sports labor market, with a particular emphasis on the macroenvironment, by synthesizing previous research.Methodology: The research employed a qualitative meta-synthesis approach using qualitative content analysis. The statistical population included all domestic studies conducted between 2001 and 2023. A total of 580 studies relevant to the topic were evaluated, and 31 articles were purposefully selected. Using Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step framework, the findings of previous research related to the study's objectives were analyzed, aggregated, synthesized, and interpreted. Through coding methods, 21 sub-themes and five main themes were identified.Results: The results categorized macroenvironmental barriers to employment in Iran's sports labor market into five main themes: economic barriers, cultural and social barriers, political barriers, knowledge and technology barriers, and legal and regulatory barriers.Conclusion: The findings indicate that employment development in Iran's sports sector faces numerous challenges within the macroenvironment. To address these challenges, a comprehensive and long-term approach by policymakers, managers, and economic stakeholders in this sector is essential. A deeper understanding of macroenvironmental barriers can help design more effective policies and strategies to promote employment in the sports labor market. These strategies may include economic reforms, political improvements, social support, technological advancements, and legal changes. Implementing such measures can create new and sustainable job opportunities in Iran's sports industry.
Rouhollah Khajehkarimoddini; noshin benar; Nader Zali
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify key drivers affecting the future of Iran's sports industry with futures Studies approach.Methodology: In terms of nature, the current research method is based on the methods of future research and foresight, analytical and exploratory, which was ...
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Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify key drivers affecting the future of Iran's sports industry with futures Studies approach.Methodology: In terms of nature, the current research method is based on the methods of future research and foresight, analytical and exploratory, which was carried out by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistical population of the current research was experts (professors, experts, athletes and sports management experts) in the field of sports industry. Sampling was done in a purposeful way and 19 people were selected. After collecting the data of the first stage, 28 items that had gained more points were placed in the matrix and were evaluated and completed according to the opinions of the expert panel and analyzed using Mic Mac software.Results: Based on the results of this research, there are various factors that affect the future of the sports industry, and the most important factors in the future of the Iranian sports industry are: joint hosting of major sports events, management stability, support for new sports businesses, meritocracy and expertise. orientation, modern and technological productions and equipment, forming multinational manufacturing companies, supporting the privatization of clubs and strengthening Iran's position in international institutions and seats.Conclusion: In order to build a bright future for the sports industry of Iran, one should take a special look at the identified key factors.
noshin benar; Fatemeh Saeedi; Masomeh Salahshori
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to identify the transmission channels through which the COVID-19 pandemic affected the sports economy of Guilan Province.
Methodology: This research employed a qualitative approach, utilizing the grounded theory strategy based on Glaser's method (1992). Semi-structured ...
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Objective: The present study aimed to identify the transmission channels through which the COVID-19 pandemic affected the sports economy of Guilan Province.
Methodology: This research employed a qualitative approach, utilizing the grounded theory strategy based on Glaser's method (1992). Semi-structured interviews were used as the data collection tool, and participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. A total of 19 interviews were conducted, and data collection continued until theoretical saturation and adequacy were achieved.
Results: The results of open coding after the final screening indicated that 47 indicators could represent the transmission channels through which COVID-19 influenced the sports economy of Guilan Province. In the axial coding stage, these indicators were categorized into 14 concepts. Finally, selective coding led to the identification of six major categories: disruption in the supply side, disruption in the demand side, disruption in the labor market (employment), disruption in the private sector sports goods and services market, disruption in the public and semi-public sectors, and disruption in investment.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is recommended that sports policymakers swiftly design and implement supportive measures and compensatory programs for sports business owners, considering the identified transmission channels. These actions can help prevent widespread closures and bankruptcies in the sector while contributing to the economic sustainability of sports. Additionally, governmental support and the introduction of investment incentives can facilitate the entry of new investors and promote the growth and development of sports services both during and after the crisis.
Masoumeh Salahshouri; Noshin Benar; Mohammad Mahdi Rahmati
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this research was to analyze the experiences of transgender athletes.Methodology: The current qualitative study is application-oriented and the data are based on collected documentary information. This research was conducted using the Sandlowski, Barroso and Willis (2007) 7-step ...
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Objective: The goal of this research was to analyze the experiences of transgender athletes.Methodology: The current qualitative study is application-oriented and the data are based on collected documentary information. This research was conducted using the Sandlowski, Barroso and Willis (2007) 7-step meta-synthesis method and the common coding technique in qualitative research on 8 articles obtained through researching scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Pubmed. The analysis of concepts and the results of interviews with professional transgender athletes were also performed.Results: The research findings in 4 main themes: individual evolution, gender identity evolution, gender identity culture and acceptance gender identity, and 17 sub- themes: childhood behavior, being different, mental crisis, naming, Gender matching process, Identity disclosure, Identity matching, Consequences of identity disclosure, Identity concealment, humiliation, transphobia, awareness, family support, coach and teammate support, recognition and rejection were identified.Conclusion: The results of this research show the importance of creating a culture and creating a supportive environment by the sports community to accept transgender athletes.
Aboozar Soori; Mehr Ali Hematinejad; Noshin Benar
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was designing the pattern for the legal development of Iranian sports.Methodology: The research in terms of applied purpose, is descriptive-correlation. Research statistical population are all sports law experts, including university professors, specialists and ...
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Objective: The purpose of this research was designing the pattern for the legal development of Iranian sports.Methodology: The research in terms of applied purpose, is descriptive-correlation. Research statistical population are all sports law experts, including university professors, specialists and legal experts, managers of executive and governmental sports organizations, heads of disciplinary committees, heads of general courts and all those involved in sports law research. Statistical samples were selected using snowball method (220 people). For gathering data was used research-made questionnaire and content validity of questionnaire was confirmed by experts (n=9). Also, its reliability was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha test (0.91) and composite reliability. for analyze data and investigating model fitting has been used structural equation modeling in PLS3-SPSS24 software.Results: The results indicated that the dimensions of education and legal empowerment in sports (0/677), scientific affairs and legal research in sports (0/438), legal culture in sports (0/415) and legal supervision and inspection in sports (0/192) Had a significant effect on legal development in sports.Also, the effect of program components and legal documents in sports (0/179), profession and legal role in sports (0/308), trade rights in sports (0/624), intellectual property rights in sports (0/459), structure And the legal institution in sports (0/183), the contract and legal registration in sports (0/259), the rules of deterrence and punishment in sports (0/229) and the rules of protection in sports (0/183) have a direct and significant role in Explain the legal enforcement system in sports.Conclusion: Generally in, based on the model, it can be said that legal development in sports in Iran, relying on the legal system of exercise in sports and depending on the educational, scientific, cultural, and empowering factors of the human resources, it can lead to the desired consequences of legal development in sports.
noshin benar; fatemeh saeedi; Azar Khosravi Aghdam
Abstract
Objective: The present study was aimed at providing a feasibility model for the development of electronic sports with the approach of business and job creation.Methodology: The research method is qualitative with exploratory nature and the data theory strategy of the foundation has been used in it. The ...
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Objective: The present study was aimed at providing a feasibility model for the development of electronic sports with the approach of business and job creation.Methodology: The research method is qualitative with exploratory nature and the data theory strategy of the foundation has been used in it. The statistical population of the study included elites and executive and academic specialists in the field of e-sports, business and employmentin Guilan province. Targeted and snowball sampling methods were used for sampling for semi-structured interviews. A total of 15 interviews were conducted and sampling continued until the study reached theoretical saturation and adequacy.Results: The research findings show that after more detailed classification, 143 sub-concepts 73 concepts and 18 categories have been enumerated in the form of a paradigm model including the development of e-sports as a central category and causal conditions (nature of stakeholders (actors) of e-sports ecosystem, economic nature). Intervention conditions (legal challenges, structural challenges), contextual conditions (identification, attractiveness), strategies (infrastructure development, capacity development, managerial-structural development, socio-cultural development) and consequences (improvement and facilitation of e-sports business environment) were located.Conclusion: based on the qualitative approach, the feasibility model for the development of e-sports was reviewed and depicted, and based on it, it can be said that managers and officials can strengthen technological infrastructure, educational infrastructure and physical infrastructure while developing human capabilities, financial capabilities and the marketing and platforming capabilities of business creation, partnerships, financial incentives, and a focus on culture-building, and information dissemination improve and facilitate the e-sports business environment.
Esmaeil Malek Akhlagh; Nooshin Benar; Alireza AbbasiGorji; fatemeh saeedi; Saba Hedayatifar
Abstract
Objective: provide a model of international strategic branding of Iranian wrestling with export and currency approach.Methodology: The research method is qualitative with exploratory nature and the grounded theory was used in it.The data collection tool was in-depth and structured interviews with experts ...
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Objective: provide a model of international strategic branding of Iranian wrestling with export and currency approach.Methodology: The research method is qualitative with exploratory nature and the grounded theory was used in it.The data collection tool was in-depth and structured interviews with experts in the field of international sports based on wrestling. Selection of individuals and conduct of interviews continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. Also, snowball sampling method was used to select the interviewees and the data obtained from the interview were coded and analyzed by grounded theorizing method.Results: A total of 153 initial codes were obtained from the analysis of 12 interviews. After extracting similar codes and after examining and putting them together and removing duplicate concepts, 53 main concepts were identified and were divided into 20 sub-categories. axial codes were categorized into 7 main categories. The obtained examples and concepts were in the form of a paradigm model including causal conditions, main phenomenon, intervening conditions, contextual conditions and consequences.Conclusion: : the results in the form of a qualitative model showed that by adopting appropriate strategies such as having a strategic approach to wrestling, holding a quality wrestling league, global marketing, creating sports tourism, facilitating the possibility of exporting and currency wrestling, It can be achieved by gaining domestic and national interests, reducing political tensions, preventing the violation of wrestlers' rights in world competitions, and facilitating the acquisition of hosting world events.
ali nazarian; Mehr Ali hematinejhad; noshin benar
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was designing the pattern for process analysis of Iranian Sports products.Methodology: The research in terms of applied purpose, is descriptive-correlation. Research statistical population are all managers and sport production companies experts and sport stores ...
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Objective: The purpose of this research was designing the pattern for process analysis of Iranian Sports products.Methodology: The research in terms of applied purpose, is descriptive-correlation. Research statistical population are all managers and sport production companies experts and sport stores which statistical samples were selected as purposeful and accessible. For gathering data was used research-made questionnaire and content validity of questionnaire was confirmed by experts (n=13). Also, its reliability was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha test (0.95) and composite reliability. for analyze data and investigating model fitting has been used structural equation modeling in PLS3-SPSS24 software.Results: The results indicated that dimensions of export developing (0/51), internal consumption developing (0/33), external consumption surveying (0/67), internal distribution effectiveness (0/19) and production effectiveness (0/19) had significant effect on sustainable development of sport goods. The effect of international environment on internal environment was significant (0/89). Also, effect of internal environment on strutegical management was significant (0/65). The effect of strategical management on export development (0/67), internal consumption development (0/58), external consumption surveying (0/54), internal distribution effectiveness (0/74) and production effectiveness (0/75) were significant.Conclusion: Generally in based on the model, if can be said that the system of Iranian sports products has to tend to the structural modification of manufacturing minisystems and distribution of consumption regarding the enrirnmental ecosystem context and improving the industrial efficiency, so desired expansion outcomes are resulted.
Ahmad Asadinia; noshin benar; MehrAli Hematineghad; Mohammad Khabiri; shahram shafiee
Abstract
Objective: The clubs are owned by supporters is one of the common forms of football clubs’ governance. Hence, The purpose of this study was to identify the strategies for adopting the model of supporters ownership in the Esteghlal FC.Methodology: This research was conducted qualitatively and using ...
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Objective: The clubs are owned by supporters is one of the common forms of football clubs’ governance. Hence, The purpose of this study was to identify the strategies for adopting the model of supporters ownership in the Esteghlal FC.Methodology: This research was conducted qualitatively and using the Grounded Theory and the Systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin. The research data were collected through theoretical and purposeful sampling and based on deep interviews with 8 experts. sampling continued until the research reached a theoretical saturation. Based on the Grounded theory and the systematic approach, the data were analyzed in three stages: open, axial and selective coding. For validation of data that is equivalent to reliability and validity in quantitative research, two methods of Recoding by the researcher and a Member Checking method were used.Results: Based on the results of three stages of coding including open, axial and selective coding, the identified strategies were extracted in the form of legal, social-cultural, governance, educational, organizational and stakeholder management subcategories.Conclusion: It seems that with the cooperation of various institutions of the country and the creation of the necessary platforms in the long term and run the identification of strategies, this model could be implemented in the Esteghlal FC.
mahbobeh amadi; nooshin benar; hamid reza gohar rostami; fatemeh saeedi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of customer knowledge management on fitness clubs customer lifetime value in Rasht.Methodology: This study was descriptive-survey one. In this research a self-made questionnaire including 13-questions customer knowledge management questionnaire ...
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Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of customer knowledge management on fitness clubs customer lifetime value in Rasht.Methodology: This study was descriptive-survey one. In this research a self-made questionnaire including 13-questions customer knowledge management questionnaire and 23-questions customer lifetime value questionnaire is designed. Statistical society includes female and male customers of Rasht fitness clubs. Subjects were selected by cluster sampling in Rasht 5 areas and eventually 460 customers cooperated with the research. In order to analyze the data SPSS 23 and Smart PLS are used.Results: Results shows that customer knowledge management has a significant positive effect on customer lifetime value and its dimensions, and high factor coefficients of research conceptual model indicates that customer knowledge management classification is positively effective on attracting customers, customers keeping in contact with club and also their beneficence.Conclusion: Finally, using the results of this research can be said that customer knowledge management has a significant effect on customer lifetime value and this way Rasht fitness clubs managers can make profit margin whit the use of customer knowledge management.
masoume zare; noshin benar; seyed emad hoseini
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is designing marketing mix pattern of women’s futsal premier league by emphasizing on environmental factors and Porter’s general strategy.Methodology: At first, by library research we review the related literature and documents and design an initial questionnaire ...
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Objective: The aim of this study is designing marketing mix pattern of women’s futsal premier league by emphasizing on environmental factors and Porter’s general strategy.Methodology: At first, by library research we review the related literature and documents and design an initial questionnaire with 88 questions by a semi-structured interview with geniuses. By this questionnaire we try with 12 variables. The statistical population is futsal beneficiaries we collected data from 185 questionnaires and analyzed by using SPSS19 and Smart PLS software.Result: The findings showed that between environmental Factors and marketing mix and strategy with marketing mix is directly related. Also the relation between environmental Factors and marketing mix in the event of existence of variable mediatory strategic was indirectly significant.Conclusion: In conclusion, we should say that according to the approved model in research of the marketing pattern of women futsal league, the marketing mix influences the strategy and also the environmental factors that indicated the consideration of these variables in a comprehensive manner. At the moment can offer that the best option is improving the internal human resources with successful human of women sports in Islamic countries
Noshin Benar; Abolfazl karimi; hamid reza goharrostami
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to Designing model ofsport’s Sponsors Loyalty with an emphasis on the relationship marketing and relationship quality. Methodology: The method applied in this research was descriptive – correlation. The sample was used included the directors of ...
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Objective: The purpose of this research was to Designing model ofsport’s Sponsors Loyalty with an emphasis on the relationship marketing and relationship quality. Methodology: The method applied in this research was descriptive – correlation. The sample was used included the directors of industrial factories and presidents of Sport Boards in Kashan. Data were collected by a researcher made that the reliability of the questionnaire was 0.94. In this study, structural equation modeling and partial least square method is used to analyze the data and model. Results: The results of this study exhibits the significant positive impact between the relationship marketing and loyalty of sport supporters. Also, there is a significant positive influence between the relationship marketing and relationship quality, but is not shown significant positive effect between the quality of the relationship and the loyalty of sport supporters. Conclusion: Considering the results, we can say, in relationship marketing, respectively, structural bonding, social benefits, conflict management and financial benefits and in relationship quality, reliability, commitment and satisfaction are the most important factors that managers Sports clubs and organizations can use these methods and factors marketing, maintain loyal supporters
Nooshin Benar; Mina Emami; Mina Mallaei
Abstract
Objective: Present research aims at designing the pattern of effect of the event quality, relationship marketing and relationship quality on the spectator loyalty in Iran women's volleyball league. Methodology: This is a descriptive survey. The statistical population was all the spectators of U-15 age ...
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Objective: Present research aims at designing the pattern of effect of the event quality, relationship marketing and relationship quality on the spectator loyalty in Iran women's volleyball league. Methodology: This is a descriptive survey. The statistical population was all the spectators of U-15 age group in the 13th period of super league and Iran women's volleyball first division in 2014. The 306 persons were selected randomly as the research sample. Research instrument was a standard questionnaire that the validity and reliability were verified. It was followed by the distribution of questionnaires among the sample. In order to analyze the research data to present the structural equation model, AMOS21 and SPSS22 software were used. Results: The results indicated that event quality affected spectators' loyalty indirectly (0.22) mediated by relationship marketing and relationship quality. Moreover, the relationship marketing improved the relationship quality by 0.55. Conclusion:Understanding the spectators' needs is one of the essential factors for the success of any sport organization. Therefore, women's volleyball leagues and clubs should try to satisfy the spectators by providing appropriate facilities using modern marketing techniques.
Nooshin Benar; HamidReza Goharrostami; Hakimeh Mehralitabar
Volume 5, Issue 1 , May 2016, , Pages 153-168
Abstract
Abstract Objective: The purpose of this paper was the comparison of attitude and behavior of customers towards physical fitness services centers in Rasht.. Methodology: This paper was a descriptive survey held as field study. The population included all of the customers of physical fitness service centers ...
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Abstract Objective: The purpose of this paper was the comparison of attitude and behavior of customers towards physical fitness services centers in Rasht.. Methodology: This paper was a descriptive survey held as field study. The population included all of the customers of physical fitness service centers in Rasht which four hundreds of them were selected by cluster sampling. The research tools were five questionnaires including demographic features, sport services quality, customer's satisfaction, customer's loyalty and repurchase intention which are validated by eight management experts and the reliability by Cronbach̓'s alpha test was α=0.96. Results: The results showed that there was significant difference between service quality based on the variables of sex, age, and the length of customer's participation in club (p≤0.05). There was also significant difference between customers loyalty based on the times they were present in clubs. Moreover, there was significant difference between repurchase intention based on the age. Conclusion: In order to achieve satisfaction, permanent loyalty and customers' coming back, the managers of physical fitness services centers can classify customers based on human traits as well as identify their expectations and requirements and offer products regard to their demands.
Mahbobeh Surani; Rahim Ramezaninezhad; Noshin Benar
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, , Pages 82-95
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research was to study CEO’s skills and to determine the priority of them in the current and the desired situation. Methodology: This research is a descriptive-analytical study and was performed in the field. Statistical population and sample were all the managers in different ...
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Objective: The aim of this research was to study CEO’s skills and to determine the priority of them in the current and the desired situation. Methodology: This research is a descriptive-analytical study and was performed in the field. Statistical population and sample were all the managers in different levels and branches of Sepahan, Zob Ahan, Foladmahan and Gitypasand clubs in Isfahan province (83 people). The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by experts and professors and the reliability coefficient was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.972). Also, Amos software was used for confirmatory factor analysis and it confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. In this study, the Friedman test was used to determine the priority of skills in the current and desired situation. Also current situation was compared with the desired situation by Wilcoxon test (P≤0/05). Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean rank of skills in desired situation (sig= 0.075). However, there was significant difference between the mean rank of skills in current situation. The priority of skills was respectively technical, political, human, and conceptual. Conclusion: The results of comparing current and desired statues showed that top managers did not have the required skills such as technical, political and conceptual skills. Therefore, club managers should strive to improve their skills.
Ali Mohammad Safania; Nooshin Benar; Mitra Poursohrab
Volume 3, Issue 2 , January 2015, , Pages 151-165
Abstract
Abstract Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the rate of satisfaction from physical fitness committees performance in province of Guilan. Methodology: The method of this study was descriptive-survey type. The statistical population included the head of the office of sports ...
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Abstract Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the rate of satisfaction from physical fitness committees performance in province of Guilan. Methodology: The method of this study was descriptive-survey type. The statistical population included the head of the office of sports and youth, all committee employers, coaches, referees, and active athletes (175 individuals) from 15 cities of Guilan province. The questionnaires were distributed between all of them and 157 completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The measuring instrument in this study was a researcher made questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by 10 sport management instructors and specialists and 3 experienced coaches . Its reliability was also estimated USING cronbach Alpha test as r =0/96. In order to analyze the data ,descriptive statistics methods; Calmogroph and Smirnof test, one sample “t” test, ANOVA, follow -up LSD, kruskal wallis; Spearman, and U-man Whitney tests were used with in a significance level of p≤0.05 employing SPSS software version 16. Results: Analyzing the satisfaction dimension of physical fitness performance 9 factors were indicated and three of them like ,management- planning factor, human resources factor and scientific– research factor were recognized as important factors from all the subjects’ point of views. By studying the financial source factor, it was indicated that the degree of attracting allocated resources form city’s physical education bureau (financial & non-financial) and the received income from renting sport facilities given to the committee had the first and second priority and the most amount of affect on the responders’ satisfaction. Conclusion: It is recommended that the officials and planners of the province committees use the available variables on management-planning factors, human resource factors, and scientific-research factors, consider the importance of governmental financial resources, recruit and educate skilful human sources, provide equipments and facilities for building structures and annual planning and present better services to provide positive innovations in the committees. Keywords: Physical Fitness and Aerobic Committees, Performance Assessment, Satisfaction, Management and Planning, Human Sources
Mohammad Khabiri; Noshin Benar; Rahim Ramezaninezhad; Esmaeil Malek akhlagh; Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
Volume 1, Issue 1 , April 2012, , Pages 75-86
Abstract
AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was designing a model of sport sponsorship selection in Iran’s premier league.Methodology: The research method was descriptive and correlative. The statistical population consisted of sponsors who sponsored 9 sport teams in active premier leagues and ...
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AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was designing a model of sport sponsorship selection in Iran’s premier league.Methodology: The research method was descriptive and correlative. The statistical population consisted of sponsors who sponsored 9 sport teams in active premier leagues and 134 sponsors were selected as samples. Researcher– developed questionnaire with 24 questions was used to collect data. Its content and face validity was confirmed by 15 experts in sport management and sponsorship. Coronbachs Alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire . Factor Analysis with a varimax rotation was used to analyse the data.Results: Twenty-four variables were classified into four categories of sport nature, sponsor nature, management interests and compatibility degree. Finally, doing a Path analysis, the model of sport sponsorship selection of Iran was developed. Exploratory model indicated that sponsor nature and sport nature factors were independent ones and compatibility degree was as a intermediary factor, with the management interests acting as a response and dependent factor. Among all variables, sport nature has the highest effect on management interests (0.52).Conclution: It is suggested that for increasing sport sponsorship in order to enhance satisfaction of sponsors, the effective and independant factors should be reinforced.Keywords: Sport sponsorship management, Sport marketing, Sport sponsorship selection.
