Author
Associate Professor, University of Guilan,
,
Document Type : Research Paper
Abstract
Objective: The utilization of Guilan's indigenous-local capital and heritages is considered as an effective factor in diversifying sport tourism attractions, promoting economic prosperity and employment, and defining strategic priorities for sport tourism development.
Methodology: In a applied and descriptive-analytical study, the supply of indigenous sports sports in Gilan province was identified and then the internal and external influencing factors on the development of tourism and sports were collected.By interviewing 10 sport tourism specialists and distributing the questionnaire among 132 sport and tourism professionals in Guilan and provincial sport tourists, who were selected based on purposive, convenience and snowball sampling, the most important factors were identified as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Then, strategies were formulated into four groups of SWOT matrices using these factors and SWOT analysis. Finally, strategies were compared and ranked using paired comparisons in the AHP hierarchical analysis.
Results: Geographical location, diverse natural attractions and indigenous-local ancient sports were the most important strengths for developing sports tourism in the province and lack of sport tourism infrastructure and lack of necessary cooperation between trustee organizations and local community were the most important weaknesses.Emploing and revitalizing and preserving the local capital and heritage of the local-indigenous sport tourism were the most important opportunity; and the elimination and neglect ion of cultural customs as well as the gradual degradation of natural resources were reported as the most important threats to provincial sport tourism from the statistical population perspective.
Conclusion: Indigenous-Local Sport Tourism Offerings in Guilan, as a cultural and social capital have a growingfunction of introverts and extroverts at the micro and macro levels, but so far they have not been properly exploited. In order to plan and implement future programes for the sport tourism development and use these capitals, the first strategic priority is the defensive strategy in which the vulnerability removal of the study area and the use of effective strategies are emphasized.
- Adabi Firouzjah, J., Kouzehchian, H., Ehsani, M. (2009). A Study of the Effect of Natural Sport Attractions on Developing Sport Tourism in Iran from the Viewpoint of the Sport and Tourism Experts. Journal of Sport Management, 1(1), 67-81 .[Persian]
- Azimi, N. (1999). Corporate Strategies for Development of Tourism Industry in Guilan Province. Proceedings of the First Guilan Development Conference, pp. 491-479.[Persian]
- Cashman, R. (2009). Asia's place in the imaging of Australian sport. Sport in Society, 12(7), 933-946.
- Candrea, A. N., & Bouriaud, L. (2009). A stakeholders' analysis of potential sustainable tourism development strategies in Piatra Craiului National Park. Annals of Forest Research, 52(1), 191-198.
- Chaghajerdi, I., Karimei, A. (2016). Study of Sport Tourism Isfahan province using SWOT-ANP model. Journal of Heritage & Tourism. Volume:1 Issue:3, Page 53-72.[Persian]
- Cho, M.(2004). The strength of motivation and physical activity level during leisure time among youth in South Korea. Youth and Society,35, 480–494.
- Dinan Thompson, M., Meldrum, K., & Sellwood, J. (2014). “… it is not just a game”: Connecting with Culture through Traditional Indigenous Games. American Journal of Educational Research, 2(11), 1015-1022.
- Emery, P. (2010). Past, present, future major sport event management practice: The practitioner perspective. Sport management review, 13(2), 158-170.
- Fazelneia, G., Hedayaty, S. (2010). Appropriate Strategies for Tourism Development in Zarivar Lake, Geography and development, Volume 8, Number 19, Page 145-170.[Persian]
- Ghafori, F. (2014). Tourism Development Model Based on Promotion of Traditional Games in Iran, Sport Management Studies,Volume 6, Issue 24, Page 153-174.[Persian]
- Gholamei,M. (2006). Factors affecting the growth and development of the tourism industry in Iran. Proceedings of the Iranian Economic Capacity Conference, emphasizing the state of tourism in Iran in the context of globalization. first volume. Islamic Azad University Press, Firoozkooh Branch.[Persian]
- Gibson, H. J., Attle, S. P., & Yiannakis, A. (1998). Segmenting the active sport tourist market: A life-span perspective. Journal of vacation marketing, 4(1), 52-64.
- Gheyameyrad, A. & Moharamzadeh, M (2008). A Comparative Study of the Role of Factors Effective on Sport Tourism Development from the Viewpoint of Directors & Authorities of Sport in Iran & Australia, Harakat, Volume 35, Issue 35 - Serial Number 1859. [Persian]
- Gibson, H. (2005). Sport tourism: Concepts and theories. An introduction. Sport in Society, 8(2), 133-141.
- Gorman, S. (2010). Sporting chance: Indigenous participation in Australian sport history. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: an interdisciplinary journal, 2(2), 12-22.
- Goodwin, H. (2002). Local community involvement in tourism around national parks: Opportunities and constraints. Current Issues in tourism, 5(3-4), 338-360.
- Grytsiuk, M., Grytsiuk, P., & Gryciuk, Y. (2017). Building a sustainable tourism development strategy in the Carpathian region of Ukraine. Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie/Politechnika Śląska.
- Hasanpour, G.(2008). Native, Traditional, Local Sports. Tehran: Bamdad Ketab. Second Edition. [Persian]
- Hemmati Nejad, M.A, Malek Akhlagh, E, Motaghi Talib,M., Afshar Nejad, T & Mirkazemi, A. (2008). The Relationship between Demographic Characteristics of Active and Inactive Participants and their Interest for Repetition of Trip to Place of Competitions,Harakat,No. 37, pp 93-112.[Persian]
- Higham, J., & Hinch, T. (2006). Sport and tourism research: a geographic approach. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 11(1), 31-49.
- Hobbs, M., Hytönen, L., & Kangas, J. (2001). Factors affecting the economic sustainablitiy of the non-industrial private forest enterprise: a comparison of stakeholder perceptions. In International Symposium on Economic Sustainablity of Small-scale Forestry. IUFRO Working Unit 3.08. 00: Small-scale Forestry. 20-26 March, 2001, Joensuu, Finland. Abstracts/Ed. Väyrynen, J. & Niskanen, A.. FI.
- Honarvar, A.,Ghafouri, F.,Tatari, E., Gavyar, H., Latifi, H. (2014). Methods of Revival, Promotion and Development the Native and Local Sports and Games in Iran. Journal of Sport Management. Volume 6, Issue 3, Page 493-509.[Persian]
- Hosseinpur, H., Fahim devin, H., Adyal baf moghadam, R. (2014). Constraints related to leading traditional wrestling (choke) tourisms toward tourism attractions (city Esfarayen), Sport Management Review,Volume 6, Issue 23, Page 67-78. [Persian]
- Icoz, O., & Gunlu, E. (2010, January). Sport tourism destinations as brand and factors affecting destination choices of soccer teams. INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BUSINESS, ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT.
- Kangas, J., Pesonen, M., Kurttila, M., & Kajanus, M. (2001). A'WOT: Integrating the Ahp with Swot Analysis. Proceedings–6th ISAHP, 189-198.
- Karkon, L., Zeitonly,A.H, Assadi, H. (2013). The Effect of Horse Racing Sport Event on the Development of Sport Tourism in Golestan Province, New Trend in Sport Management, Volume 1, Issue2, pp9-17.[Persian]
- Kashef, M.M. (1999). Research on the local and domestic games of West Azerbaijan, Harakat, Volume 2, Number 2 - Consecutive Issue 933. [Persian]
- Khalilzadeh, M., Ghahremani, M., Ghiami Rad, a. (2010). Feasibility Study of Sport Tourism Development in West Azerbaijan Province. Sport Science Quartery, Volume 2, Number 4, Page 133-150.[Persian]
- Kim, S. S., & Petrick, J. F.(2005). Resident’s perceptions on impacts of the FIFA 2002 World Cup: The case of Seoul as a host city. Tourism Management, 26, 25–38.
- Kurttila, M., Pesonen, M., Kangas, J., & Kajanus, M. (2000). Utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in SWOT analysis—a hybrid method and its application to a forest-certification case. Forest policy and economics, 1(1), 41-52.
- Majlis Research Center. (2015). Sports Tourism; Opportunities and Challenges. Deputy of Social Cultural Research: Office of Cultural Studies.[Persian]
- Melo, R., & Sobry, C. (Eds.). (2017). Sport Tourism: New Challenges in a Globalized World. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Mohammadi, A., Mohammadi, F.(2005). Local games dictionary Ilam. Tehran:Sameira. First Ed.[Persian]
- Mottaghitalab, M. (2007). Description of sport development ways in guilan province. Thesis to receive a masters degree. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan.
- Mousavi, S.H, Abbasei, H., Nezhad Bakhsh, A., Rafeei Moghadam, H.(2007). Guilan traditional shows and games. Rasht:Eeylia, PP280.[Persian]
- Mulec, I. (2010). Promotion as a tool in sustaining the destination marketing activities. Turizam, 14(1), 13-21.
- Neyazei, M. (2012). Describe the present position of local and native games in Golestan province. Thesis to receive a masters degree in Sport Management. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad Uiversity Central Tehran branch.[Persian]
- Papzan, A., Agahi, H., Shahmoradi, M.(2015). Rural Sports Development with focus on Indigenous and local sports. Journal of Sport Management and Development. Volume 4, Issue 2, Page 15-29.[Persian]
- Papzan, A., Agahi, H., Shahmoradi, M. (2016). The main components of indigenous and local sports In order to exploit the sustainable rural development. Journal of Community Development (Rural and Urban Communities). Volume 8, Issue 1, Page 89-112.[Persian]
- Pesonen, M., Ahola, J., Kurttila, M., Kajanus, M., & Kangas, J. (2001). Investment strategies of Finnish Forest Industry in North America: A case study using A’WOT (AHP in SWOT analysis). Lappeenranta University of Technology, Department of Business Administration. Tersedia pada: https://www. researchgate. net/publication.
- Rahmani, R. (2013). Identifying sport tourism potentials in Gilan province. Thesise to receive a masters degree physical education with orientation sports management in payame noor university.[Persian]
- Rahmanei Kafshgary, H., Razavi, S.M.H, Amirnezhad, S. (2013). Survey of Coastal Tourists' Opinion on Opportunities and Threats of Sport Tourism in Mazandaran Province, National Conference on New Scientific Achievements in Physical Education and Sport Sciences. [Persian]
- Ramezani Gourab, B., Foroughe, P. (2010). Climatic potential of sport tourism in Anzali-Rezvanshahr coastal belt, South-west of Caspian Sea, Iran. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8(1), 73-78.[Persian]
- Rezvanfar, M., (2011). Indigenous and Local Game of Iran.Tehran:Abadboom.[Persian]
- Rose, A.K, Spiegel, M.M.(2009), the olympic effect, from : http://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/papers/2009/wp09-06bk.pdf
- Satty, T. L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process.
- Sinclair, D., Jayawardena, C. C., & Cortez, S. L. (2010). Strategies for the development of sustainable tourism in the Amazon rainforest of Bolivia. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes.
- Sohrabipour, Sh., Javadi, M., (2014). Identification of External and Internal Factors of Sport Tourism in Hormozgan Province and Prioritization of Its Effective Indices Based on SWOT Model, Journal of New Trends in Sport Management Volume 2, Number 5, Page 37-47.[Persian]
- Taghdisi, A., Taghvaei, M., Piri, S., (2013). Analytic attitude Host Community Social effects - cultural tourism Dalahoo Township, Journal of Spatial Planning, Volume 2, Number 1, Page 121-140.[Persian]
- Weed, M. (2005). Sports tourism theory and method—Concepts, issues and epistemologies. European sport management quarterly, 5(3), 229-242.
- Williams, S. (2009). Tourism Geography, Translated by Dr. Mahmoud Zeyaei, Payam Noor University Press, 207 pages.[Persian]
- Zarabi, A., Eslami Parikhani, S., (2011). Measuring of Economical, Social- Cultural and Environmental Affects of Tourism Development (Case Study: Meshkinshahr Township).Human Geography Research Quartery, Issue 75 - Serial Number 804265, Pages 37-52.[Persian]
- Zeitonly, A.H, Rezaei Sofey, M., Qorbanei, A.(2015). Strategic Planning for Sport Tourism Development by SWOT Method (Case Study:Golestan Province). Journal of New Trends in Sport Management. Volume 3, Issue 9, Page 9-22.[Persian]
- Zeyaei, M., Torabeyan, P., (2010). Assessment of acceptable level of negative social impacts of tourists on local communities in Iran under study of rural settlements of Parishan Wetland, Geography, Volume 8, Number 27, Page 205 -225.[Persian]
)