Authors
1
Assistant Professor of Sport Management, University of Bojnord
2
M.A in Sport Management, Azad Islamic University, Shirvan Branch
3
PhD of Sport Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
,
Document Type : Research Paper
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to present a model for analysis of culturalization mechanism of fan behavior in Iran football stadiums.
Methodology: The research method was descriptive-correlative, in terms of purpose, it was functional and in terms of the data collection method, it was a field. The statistical population of the present study was all employees of the department of culture and development of sports of the general directorate of sports and youth of the provinces of the country, as well as the chairman, vice chairman and secretary of the football association of the provinces of the country and finally the managers of the Islamic Republic of Iran football federation and the league organization (169 people). The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire composed of 54 items that were evaluated in qualitative section by Delphi method for validity, content, and formality validation of the soccer sports experts (5 people) and sports management professors (5 people). By applying experts' opinion and by calculating the importance of each item in the questionnaire, and the reliability of the tool was obtained by Cronbach's alpha coefficient α = 0.88.
Results: Regarding the dimensions and priority of the model structures, the results indicated that the priority of the structures included the systematic culturalization, provision of facilities and services, the development of the stadium culture, the division of inter-organizational work, system monitoring and control, the behavior building of the sponsor, capacity building of the event culture, Inter-sectoral coordination, and cross-sectoral coordination and determine the role of stakeholders.
Conclusion: By understanding of culturalization mechanism of fan behavior we can received a new category based on previous studies, managers' experiences, and the perception of sports management experts. This model is appropriate framework for future studies in the field of culture development in the football stadiums, and can be the basis of action. Because comprehensive cognition based on identifying key factors and how they interact with each other and provides continuous evaluation capability, and it can take a comprehensive view for officials and planners.
- Aghapour, M. (2013). Necessity of Cultural Engineering of Sport and Physical Education in Iran, Documentation Center of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, a special case for indigenous games, code: 639828. (Persian)
- Ahmadipour, R. (2016). Investigating the Cultural and Social Factors Affecting the Sentiment Behaviors of Football Fans, National Conference on Psychology and Social Injury Management, Islamic Azad University of Chabahar Branch, 1-14. (Persian)
- Amini, H., Amini, H. (2016). Investigating the causes of spectator violence and aggression in South Khorasan Stadiums, Second National Conference on Modern Management Science and Sustainable Planning in Iran. (Persian)
- Anbari, M. (2007). Investigation of Group and Subcultural Factors Affecting Football Spectator Violence, Iranian Association for Cultural Studies and Communication, No. 9, 17-44. (Persian)
- Beedholm Laursen, R. (2019). Danish police practice and national football fan crowd behaviour. Dialogue or coercive force? Soccer & Society, 20(2), 325-340.
- Bodin, D., Heas, S., Robene, L. (2004). Hooliganism: On Social anomie and Determinism, Champ Penal misen Ligne le 6 Fevrier 2006 URL.
- Davari, A., Rezazadeh, A. (2013). Structural equation modeling with PLS software, Organization of Academic Jahad Publications. (Persian)
- Dehshiri, M. A. (2010), Media and Culture-building, Journal of Iranian Cultural Research, 2(4), 179-208. (Persian)
- End, C. M., & Foster, N. J. (2010). The Effects of Seat Location, Ticket Cost, and Team Identification on Sport Fans' Instrumental and Hostile Aggression. North American Journal of Psychology, 12(3).
- Esmaeili, R. (2006). Culture, components and cultural indexing, Isfahan Culture, No. 33, 5-18. (Persian)
- Gharakhanloo, R., Nisian, F. (2007). Investigating the Attitude of Different Classes on the Attendance of Female Spectators in Men's Fields and Competitions, Sports Science Research, 5(17), 33-50. (Persian)
- Gholami Torkesaluye, S., Heydari Nezhad, S. (2015). Study of Affecting Factors leading to Aggression from the Viewpoint of Football Fans in Ahwaz, Sport Management Review, 28, 121-134. (Persian)
- Hashemzadeh Abrasi, F., Ebadati, N. (2016). Investigating the Relationship between National Media Culturalization and Development Process in Iran, News Sciences, No. 19, 101-128. (Persian)
- Hemati Nezhad, M. A., Tracy, T., Gholizadeh, M. H., Faraji, R. (2016). Prioritizing Factors Affecting the Security of Iranian Football Stadiums Using Analytical Hierarchy Process, Journal of Sport Management, 8(1), 69-85. (Persian)
- Hilvoorde, Ivo van., Vorstenbosch, Jan., Devisch, Ignaas. (2010). Philosophy of sport in Belgium and the Netherlands, history and characteristics, Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 37, 225-236.
- Hsu, L. H. (2010). An overview of sport philosophy in Chinese-speaking regions (Taiwan & Mainland China). Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 37(2), 237-252.
- Jalali, O. (2013). Investigating Violence in Football Spectators in Tehran's Stadiums and Providing a solution to control it from the perspective of sports managers, Crime prevention studies, 8 (27), 37-54. (Persian)
- Kabiri, S., Rahmati, M. M., Rezaei Zadeh, H. (2014). Study on the performance of police (NAJA) in management of Soccer fans' behavior Case study: Fans of Damash and Malavan Club, Investigating Iranian Social Issues, 5(2), 391-414. (Persian)
- Khaghani Avar, F., Shanavaz, B. (2016). The Verbal and Virtual Violence of Football Spectators in Iran (Causes and Solutions), Studies of physical education and sports science, 1(4), 40-54. (Persian)
- Kool, Rowan. (2016). Football stadiums and urban development, Master thesis Planologie, Faculty of Management Sciences Radboud University Nijmegen.
- Lahsaeizadeh, A. (2003). Sociology of Development, Payam Noor University Publication, Tehran. (Persian)
- Mallaei, M., Ramazaninezhad, R., Yasori, M., Kavousi, S. (2019), The Study of Factors Influencing Championship Development in Provinces of Iran and Designing a Proposed Model, Journal of Sport Management, 10(4), 61-70. (Persian)
- Manafi, F. (2015). Designing of development Model University’s Sport in Iran, Doctoral dissertation, University of Guilan, 150-152. (Persian)
- Miguel, E., Saiegh, S. M., & Satyanath, S. (2008). National cultures and soccer violence (No. w13968). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f087/382afb7d3d7ac3c9773f3b82013c19364140.pdf.
- Mohammad Kazemi, R., Sheikh, M., Shahbazi, M., Rasekh, N. (2007). Investigating the causes of football spectator chaos after the great Derby of Iran (spectator s' point of view), Research in Sport Science, 5(17), 101-114. (Persian)
- Nazari, M. A. (2012). The Indicators of Just Labor Distribution System in Islam, Marefat, 12(171), 75-92. (Persian)
- Newson, M. (2019). Football, fan violence, and identity fusion. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 54(4), 431-444.
- Ramazaninezhad, R., Rahmati, M. M., Miryousefi, S. J., Nezhadsajjadi, S. A. (2017). Identification of Factors and Criteria of Cultural Development in Athletic Sport, Sport Management Studies, 8(40), 61-78. (Persian)
- Riordan, James., Krüger, Arnd. (2003). European Cultural in Sport Examining the nations and regions Intellect Books, ISBS, 5824 N.E. Hassalo St, Portland, Oregon 97213-3644, USA.
- Safabakhsh, M. (2007). Development of Sport Culture of Iran, Physical Education Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Deputy of Coordination and Provincial Affairs, National Bureau of Sport Management and Development, 1-338. (Persian)
- Steven, J., Swenson, J. (2012). Unsportsmanlike Conduct: The Duty Placed on Stadium Owners to Protect Steven J. Swenson, Unsportsmanlike Conduct: The Duty Placed on Stadium Owners to Protect Against Fan Violence, The Sports Review, 23, 130-135.
- Vosoughi, M., Khosravi Nezhad, M. (2009). Investigation of socio-cultural factors of emotional behavior of football spectators, Journal of social sciences, 3(1), 125-149. (Persian)
- Wann, D.L., Weaver, S., Belva, B., Ladd, S., Armstrong, S. (2015). Investigating the Impact of Team Identification on the Willingness to Commit Verbal and Physical Aggression by Youth Baseball Spectators, Journal of Amateur Sport, 1 (1), 1-28.
)