Authors
1
PhD in Sports Management, Physical Education Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2
Professor in Sport management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3
Assistant Professor, Imamareza international University
,
Document Type : Research Paper
Abstract
Objective: The human resources of sport as the sports executives of each country are very influential on all sectors of the sports industry.
Methodology: Accordingly, the recognition of the competencies essential for them is the main objective of the current research. This research was an applied research and was carried out qualitatively using Grounded Theory. The statistical population of the study consisted of physical education elites in Physical Education Departments of Iranian state universities.
Results: The sampling was carried out theoretically using and snowball sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a semi-structured interview. Also, the data from the interviews were coded and analyzed using grounded theory. The grouping of the codes resulted in 4 main categories (Cultural context, knowledge, psychology and organizational independence), 9 sub-categories and 32 concepts.
Conclusion: The final results obtained in this study showed that addressing and eliminating harmful areas in the physical education departments of the universities helps to achieve the strategic goals of the organization, and, on the other hand, the presence of qualified staff in Academic sports can pave the way for improving injuries.
- Aitchison, D. (2007). HR transformation: Myth or reality. HROA Europe and Sharedpertise Forums in Association with TPI, Survey report.
- Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice (10 ed.). London and Philadelphia: Kogan Page.
- Ashforth, B. E. (1989). The experience of powerlessness in organizations. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 43(2), 207-242.
- ASTD, P. (2003). The Human Capital Challenge. Retrieved from Alexandria, VA American. Society for Training and Development. Retrieved May 7, 2009, from http://www.astd.org/NR/rdonlyres/94B67899-27AD-4826-9B8CEA3A2D486E66/12999/HCWPcolor.pdf:
- Bandura, A. (1989). Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy. Developmental psychology, 25(5), 729-735.
- Bell, N. E., & Staw, B. M. (1989). People as sculptors versus sculpture: The roles of personality and personal control in organizations. Handbook of career theory, 232, 251.
- Berta, W., Cranley, L., Dearing, J. W., Dogherty, E. J., Squires, J. E., & Estabrooks, C. A. (2015). Why (we think) facilitation works: insights from organizational learning theory. Implementation Science, 10(1), 141.
- Bhef, B. (2003). Building a Nation of Learners: The Need for Changes in Teaching and Learning to Meet Global Challenges. Washington, Dc, Retrieved May 7, 2009, from http://www.bhef.com/sites/default/files/BHEF_2003_building_a_nation.pdf.
- Byham, W. C., & Moyer, R. P. (1996). Using competencies to build a successful organization. [Monograph]. Retrieved May 7, 2009, from Development Dimensions International, Inc: http://onpointcoaching.typepad.com/files/using_competancies_to_build_org.pdf, 54(1), 61-80.
- Charmaz, K. (2006). Grounding grounded theory: A practical guide Through Qualitative Analysis, Londom. London: Sage Publication Ltd.
- Clardy, B.2007. Strategy, Core Competencies and Human Resource Development. Human Resource Development International, 10(3): 339–349.
- Cochran, G. R. (2009). Ohio State University Extension competency study: Developing a competency model for a 21st century Extension organization. The Ohio State University.
- Cohen, D. J. (2015). HR past, present and future: A call for consistent practices and a focus on competencies. Human Resource Management Review, 25(2), 205-215.
- Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of management review, 13(3), 471-482.
- Deci, E. L., Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(4), 580-590.
- Devonport, R. (2016). Understanding perceptions of Human Resource competencies and effectiveness in the New Zealand and Australian hotel industry. Auckland University of Technology.
- Dodgson, M. (1993). Organizational learning: a review of some literatures. Organization studies, 14(3), 375-394.
- Dubois, D., Rothwell, W., Stern, D., & Kemp, L. K. (2004). Competency-based human resource management. Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black Publishing.
- Ergeneli, A., Arı, G. S. l., & Metin, S. (2007). Psychological empowerment and its relationship to trust in immediate managers. Journal of business research, 60(1), 41-49.
- Eric Soderquist, K., Papalexandris, A., Ioannou, G., & Prastacos, G. (2010). From task-based to competency-based: A typology and process supporting a critical HRM transition. Personnel Review, 39(3), 325-346.
- Erlandson, D. A. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: A guide to methods. London: SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
- Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. London and New York: Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group).
- Gubrium, J. F., & Holstein, J. A. (2002). Handbook of interview research: Context and method: Sage.
- Hackman, J. R. (1980). Work redesign and motivation. Professional Psychology, 11(3), 445.
- Hancer, M., & George, R. T. (2003). Psychological empowerment of non-supervisory employees working in full-service restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 22(1), 3-16.
- Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative health research, 15(9), 1277-1288.
- Laine, P.-M., Meriläinen, S., Tienari, J., & Vaara, E. (2016). Mastery, submission, and subversion: On the performative construction of strategist identity. Organization, 23(4), 505-524.
- Lawler, E. E., & Mohrman, S. A. (2003). Creating an Effective Human Resources Organization: Trends and New Directions: Stanford University Press.
- Lievens, F., Sanchez, J. I., & De Corte, W. (2004). Easing the inferential leap in competency modelling: The effects of task‐related information and subject matter expertise. Personnel Psychology, 57(4), 881-904.
- Linderman, K., Schroeder, R. G., Zaheer, S., Liedtke, C., & Choo, A. S. (2004). Integrating quality management practices with knowledge creation processes. Journal of operations management, 22(6), 589-607.
- Long, C. S., & bin Wan Ismail, W. K. (2008). Human resource competencies: A study of the HR professionals in manufacturing firms in Malaysia. International Management Review, 4(2), 65.
- Lucia, A. D., & Lepsinger, R. (1999). The Art and Science of Competency Models: Pinpointing Critical Success Factors in Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
- Martinko, M. J., & Gardner, W. L. (1982). Learned helplessness: An alternative explanation for performance deficits. Academy of management review, 7(2), 195-204.
- Mauer, R., Neergaard, H., & Linstad, A. K. (2017). Self-efficacy: Conditioning the entrepreneurial mindset Revisiting the Entrepreneurial Mind (pp. 293-317): Springer.
- McLagan, P. (1996). Great Ideas Revisited. Competency Models. Creating the Future of HRD. Training and Development, 50(1), 60-65.
- Neuman, W. L. (2007). Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches: Allyn & Baco.
- Ngowi, A., & De Jager, H. (2016). A Competency-Based Approach to Recruiting and Developing Academic Leaders–A Review.
- Nonaka, I. (1994). A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation. Organization Science, 5(1), 14-37.
- Nord, W. R., Brief, A. P., Atieh, J. M., & Doherty, E. M. (1990). Studying meanings of work: The case of work values: Lexington Books/DC Heath and Com.
- Pickett, L. (1998). Competencies and managerial effectiveness: Putting competencies to work. Public Personnel Management, 27(1), 103-115.
- Pietrzak, M., & Paliszkiewicz, J. (2015). Framework of Strategic Learning: The PDCA Cycle. Management (18544223), 10(2).
- Punch, K. F. (2013). Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
- Rahbar-Daniels, D., Erickson, M. L., & Dalik, A. (2001). Here to Stay: Taking Competencies to the Next Level. WorldatWork Journal, 10(1), 70-77.
- Spannagel, C., Gläser-Zikuda, M., & Schroeder, U. (2005). Application of qualitative content analysis in user-program interaction research. Paper presented at the Forum Qualitative Social Research.
- Spector, P. E. (1986). Perceived control by employees: A meta-analysis of studies concerning autonomy and participation at work. Human relations, 39(11), 1005-1016.
- Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.
- Stone, B. B., & Bieber, S. (1997). Competencies: A new language for our work. Journal of extension, 35(1), 1-3. Retrieved from http://www.joe.org/joe/1997february/comm1991.html.
- Stracke, C. M. (2011). Competence Modelling for Vocational Education and Training: Innovations for Learning and Development: Shaker.
- Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. London: SAGE Publications, Inc.
- Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An “interpretive” model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of management review, 15(4), 666-681.
- Ulrich, D. (2008). HR competencies: Mastery at the intersection of people and business: United States of America: The Society of Human Resource Management.
- Ulrich, D., & Smallwood, N. (2004). Capitalizing on capabilities. Harvard business review, 82(6), 119-128.
- Weatherly, L. (2005a). Competency Models Series Part I: Competency Models–an Overview. Available from Society for Human Resource Management: http://shrm.org_.
- Weatherly, L. (2005b). Competency models series part II: Competency model methods and uses. Available from Society for Human Resource Management: http://www.shrm.org.
- Wolfle, L. M., & Robertshaw, D. (1982). Effects of college attendance on locus of control. Journal of Personality and social psychology, 43(4), 802-810.
- Zaim, H. (2013). Analyzing the Relationship between the Competencies and Wage Level: A Case Study in a Telecom Company. Paper presented at the International Conference on Economic and Social Studies, 10-11 May, 2013, Sarajevo.