Vajiheh Javani; Gholamreza mirzamohamadi
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the lived experience of fans regarding violence in Iranian football stadiums.Methodology: This research is a qualitative study, applied in terms of purpose, and was conducted using Smith et al.'s interpretative phenomenological analysis method. The ...
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Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the lived experience of fans regarding violence in Iranian football stadiums.Methodology: This research is a qualitative study, applied in terms of purpose, and was conducted using Smith et al.'s interpretative phenomenological analysis method. The research population includes all fans who have experienced football violence through watching football in stadiums. In this study, purposive sampling was conducted among fans of Persepolis, Esteghlal, Sepahan, Tractor, Nassaji Mazandaran, and Foolad Khuzestan clubs, considering the research objective. Using purposive sampling, 70 fans and experts were selected until information saturation was reached, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were used for data collection.Results: Based on the analysis of qualitative data obtained from interviews with fans of clubs present in the Iranian Premier League on studying fans' lived experience of violence in football stadiums, a total of 55 themes,14 sub-themes, and 4 main themes were extracted and categorized.Conclusion: The results indicated that the lived experience of fans regarding violence in Iranian football stadiums consisted of themes including factors intensifying violence, the origin of violence, types of violence, and factors reducing violence. By applying the accumulated experience of fans in confronting violence, it is possible, as necessary, to use all resources and determine appropriate preventive policies centered on avoiding violence and highlighting the role of fair play through mass media, to reduce or eliminate this deadly social phenomenon.
Sport Management and Development
Vajiheh Javani; Mina Alemi
Abstract
Objective: Muslim female athletes in the past faced many issues and problems. In addition to social and cultural obstacles in their own societies, there were also specific regulations approved by international sports institutions on their sports path that led to more problems for them. Therefore, in ...
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Objective: Muslim female athletes in the past faced many issues and problems. In addition to social and cultural obstacles in their own societies, there were also specific regulations approved by international sports institutions on their sports path that led to more problems for them. Therefore, in this research, the challenges that Muslim women faced in international sports events have been analyzed from the perspective of professional female athletes at the international level.Methodology: The research method of the present study is qualitative. The participants of the present research include female athletes from East Azerbaijan province who have been active at the professional level and have a history of participation in international competitions. A purposive sampling method was employed, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data.Results: According to the analyizing of research data, 17 organizing themes and 3 main themes or overarching themes were extracted from the interviews conducted. The three main themes that were obtained are as follows: Internal obstacles (individual and cultural-social factors), external obstacles (legal mechanisms and regulations of international communities), and the role model of Muslim female athletes.Conclusion: The international sports rules have had an impact on Muslim women's sports in East Azerbaijan province. However, the existence of gender discrimination and traditional beliefs about femininity and the role of women becomes a challenge to their presence in sports events, which requires the efforts of all institutions and stakeholders, including governments, sports organizations, media and civil society groups.
Fershteh Aghajani; Vajiheh Javani; Yaghub Badriazarin
Abstract
Objective: Football, which is the most popular sport in all parts of the globe, has in recent years become a hotbed of people who have created racist environments and chanted ethnic slogans, causing divisions among spectators, a phenomenon that can also be seen in Iranian football in the form of Ethnocentrism. ...
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Objective: Football, which is the most popular sport in all parts of the globe, has in recent years become a hotbed of people who have created racist environments and chanted ethnic slogans, causing divisions among spectators, a phenomenon that can also be seen in Iranian football in the form of Ethnocentrism. Therefore, this study aimed to explore ethnocentrism among Iranian football fans.Methodology: The research method is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. To conduct this research, Iranian football fans from Turkish, Persian, and Arab ethnicities were interviewed. The sampling method was the criterion and continued until the theoretical saturation was reached.Results: According to the findings of the study, the phenomenon of ethnocentrism among Iranian football fans is a combination of the two main themes of reactive and inadvertent ethnicity and action and intentional ethnicity. Conclusion: The theme of reactive and inadvertent ethnicity represents reactive behaviors; In other words, people react to the events in the society and show their dissatisfaction in sports fields with ethnic slogans, but in the context of action and intentional ethnicity, it indicates the use of stadiums by people to propagate their political ideas. According to the obtained results, it is suggested to face the negative and positive aspects of this phenomenon in football stadiums so as not to cause destructive anomalies in society and destroy the image of Iranian football.
Ahmad Mutab; Vajihe Javani; Abouali Veddahir
Abstract
Objective: Considering the rich social, cultural and moral school of Zurkhaneh and Pahlavan sport, it is necessary to explore this rich sport from the perspective of social well-being perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain Zurkhaneh sport from the perspective of Keyes well-being ...
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Objective: Considering the rich social, cultural and moral school of Zurkhaneh and Pahlavan sport, it is necessary to explore this rich sport from the perspective of social well-being perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain Zurkhaneh sport from the perspective of Keyes well-being theory.Methodology: In this research, content analysis was used. Participants in semi-structured interviews included; Expert wrestlers who were both practically and scientifically familiar with the culture, history, and customs of the Zurkhaneh were selected by snowball method, and the interviews ended with a theoretical saturation of the themes in the sixteenth interview. Results: According to the findings of the present study, Zurkhaneh sports show five dimensions of social well-being theory, namely; social integration, social acceptance, social contribution, social actualization and social coherence.Conclusion: Zurkhaneh sport can promote social well-being. This means that the correspondence between the dimensions obtained from the study of Zurkhaneh sport and the actions of its companions shows its high potential in the growth and development of interpersonal communication, social well-being, which can ultimately help to improve society.
Shahrzad Nayyeri; Vajiheh javani; hamid ghasemi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how to the Sport teams use Instagram as a social media platform for their branding purposes, and how much their fans respond to the brand on Instagram.Methodology: First, qualitative and quantitative content analysis was conducted on 500 Instagram posts ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how to the Sport teams use Instagram as a social media platform for their branding purposes, and how much their fans respond to the brand on Instagram.Methodology: First, qualitative and quantitative content analysis was conducted on 500 Instagram posts by Tehran Esteghlal F.C. Then, by using one-way ANOVA and Scheffe test, investigated what team brand attributes have created more fan engagement.Results: Findings indicated that two demonstrates of brand attributes of Esteghlal F.C. on its Instagram page including product-related factors (team success, star player and head coach), and non-product related factors (brand mark, management, club’s history and tradition, club’s culture and values, event’s image, sponsor and fans). The highest frequency of images was related to star players (47.6%), and the lowest frequency was attributed to the club’s culture and values (2.2%). The results of ANOVA showed a significant difference between the means of comments and likes of the fans in terms of brand attributes. Scheffe test results showed that star players cause a significant difference in the number of fans' likes. moreover, it pointed out that sponsors effect the number of fans' comments.Conclusion: Instagram as a social media platform could be a suitable instrument to realize the brand through the content of messages exchanged between the followers and the sport teams. So, it could be used for branding purposes of the club.
Vajiheh Javani
Abstract
Objective: Internal branding is a new concept to consider the impact of employees to create a better brand image in the minds of customers. This study aims to investigate the effects of internal branding on the behavior of the employees in the organization. Methodology: This study was descriptive- survey ...
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Objective: Internal branding is a new concept to consider the impact of employees to create a better brand image in the minds of customers. This study aims to investigate the effects of internal branding on the behavior of the employees in the organization. Methodology: This study was descriptive- survey one.The sample in this study consisted of 221 employees of the famous clubs in cities; Tehran, Isfahan, Tabriz, Shiraz and Mashhad. The data was collected through consulted directly and self-report procedure by a researcher-conducted questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 87/0) which scaled with a five-point Likert from strongly agree to strongly disagree .Amos Graphic software was used for analyzing Data. Results: The results of the path analyses coefficients and the results of the correlation matrix of variables showed positive and significant relationship among variables. So the effect of internal branding on employees’ brand oriented behavior, sense of brand belonging, brand commitment and brand loyalty was verified. Conclusion: According to the result, internal branding of clubs and other sports organizations can have a significant impact on employees' perceptions of the organization and its brand, help to get successful service to customers and improve brand Image in the mind of the customers
