Vajiheh Javani; Gholamreza mirzamohamadi
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the lived experience of fans regarding violence in Iranian football stadiums.Methodology: This research is a qualitative study, applied in terms of purpose, and was conducted using Smith et al.'s interpretative phenomenological analysis method. The ...
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Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the lived experience of fans regarding violence in Iranian football stadiums.Methodology: This research is a qualitative study, applied in terms of purpose, and was conducted using Smith et al.'s interpretative phenomenological analysis method. The research population includes all fans who have experienced football violence through watching football in stadiums. In this study, purposive sampling was conducted among fans of Persepolis, Esteghlal, Sepahan, Tractor, Nassaji Mazandaran, and Foolad Khuzestan clubs, considering the research objective. Using purposive sampling, 70 fans and experts were selected until information saturation was reached, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were used for data collection.Results: Based on the analysis of qualitative data obtained from interviews with fans of clubs present in the Iranian Premier League on studying fans' lived experience of violence in football stadiums, a total of 55 themes,14 sub-themes, and 4 main themes were extracted and categorized.Conclusion: The results indicated that the lived experience of fans regarding violence in Iranian football stadiums consisted of themes including factors intensifying violence, the origin of violence, types of violence, and factors reducing violence. By applying the accumulated experience of fans in confronting violence, it is possible, as necessary, to use all resources and determine appropriate preventive policies centered on avoiding violence and highlighting the role of fair play through mass media, to reduce or eliminate this deadly social phenomenon.
Vajiheh Javani; mina Alemi
Abstract
Objective: Muslim women athletes in Iran have faced numerous challenges and issues in their sports journey, encompassing not only social and cultural barriers within their society but also specific regulations enacted by global sports institutions. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the obstacles ...
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Objective: Muslim women athletes in Iran have faced numerous challenges and issues in their sports journey, encompassing not only social and cultural barriers within their society but also specific regulations enacted by global sports institutions. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the obstacles and challenges faced by Muslim women in international sports events.Methodology: The research population comprises Iranian female athletes who have participated professionally in international competitions. A purposive sampling method was employed, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants in Iran. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data.Findings; According to the analyizing of research data, 17 organizing themes and 3 main themes or overarching themes were extracted from the interviews conducted. The three main themes that were obtained are as follows: Internal obstacles (individual and cultural-social factors), external obstacles (legal mechanisms and regulations of international communities), and the role model of Muslim female athletes.Conclusion: Conclusion: The studies conducted show that international sports rules have had an impact on Muslim women's sports in Iran. However, the existence of gender discrimination and traditional beliefs about femininity and the role of women becomes a challenge to their presence in sports events, which requires the efforts of all institutions and stakeholders, including governments, sports organizations, media and civil society groups.
Fershteh Aghajani; Vajiheh Javani; Yaghub Badriazarin
Abstract
Objective: Football, which is the most popular sport in all parts of the globe, has in recent years become a hotbed of people who have created racist environments and chanted ethnic slogans, causing divisions among spectators, a phenomenon that can also be seen in Iranian football in the form of Ethnocentrism. ...
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Objective: Football, which is the most popular sport in all parts of the globe, has in recent years become a hotbed of people who have created racist environments and chanted ethnic slogans, causing divisions among spectators, a phenomenon that can also be seen in Iranian football in the form of Ethnocentrism. Therefore, this study aimed to explore ethnocentrism among Iranian football fans.Methodology: The research method is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. To conduct this research, Iranian football fans from Turkish, Persian, and Arab ethnicities were interviewed. The sampling method was the criterion and continued until the theoretical saturation was reached.Results: According to the findings of the study, the phenomenon of ethnocentrism among Iranian football fans is a combination of the two main themes of reactive and inadvertent ethnicity and action and intentional ethnicity. Conclusion: The theme of reactive and inadvertent ethnicity represents reactive behaviors; In other words, people react to the events in the society and show their dissatisfaction in sports fields with ethnic slogans, but in the context of action and intentional ethnicity, it indicates the use of stadiums by people to propagate their political ideas. According to the obtained results, it is suggested to face the negative and positive aspects of this phenomenon in football stadiums so as not to cause destructive anomalies in society and destroy the image of Iranian football.
Shahrzad Nayyeri; Vajiheh javani; hamid ghasemi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how to the Sport teams use Instagram as a social media platform for their branding purposes, and how much their fans respond to the brand on Instagram.Methodology: First, qualitative and quantitative content analysis was conducted on 500 Instagram posts ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how to the Sport teams use Instagram as a social media platform for their branding purposes, and how much their fans respond to the brand on Instagram.Methodology: First, qualitative and quantitative content analysis was conducted on 500 Instagram posts by Tehran Esteghlal F.C. Then, by using one-way ANOVA and Scheffe test, investigated what team brand attributes have created more fan engagement.Results: Findings indicated that two demonstrates of brand attributes of Esteghlal F.C. on its Instagram page including product-related factors (team success, star player and head coach), and non-product related factors (brand mark, management, club’s history and tradition, club’s culture and values, event’s image, sponsor and fans). The highest frequency of images was related to star players (47.6%), and the lowest frequency was attributed to the club’s culture and values (2.2%). The results of ANOVA showed a significant difference between the means of comments and likes of the fans in terms of brand attributes. Scheffe test results showed that star players cause a significant difference in the number of fans' likes. moreover, it pointed out that sponsors effect the number of fans' comments.Conclusion: Instagram as a social media platform could be a suitable instrument to realize the brand through the content of messages exchanged between the followers and the sport teams. So, it could be used for branding purposes of the club.
