Mojgan Taghavi nejad; Shahram Shafiee; Mojtaba Eskandari pour
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the problems of Iranian immigrant athletes.Methodology: The research method was quantitative-descriptive research. The statistical population of the research includes Iranian immigrant athletes, and a targeted method was used in the ...
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Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the problems of Iranian immigrant athletes.Methodology: The research method was quantitative-descriptive research. The statistical population of the research includes Iranian immigrant athletes, and a targeted method was used in the sampling of the research, which includes 63 people. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that includes four dimensions: economic and financial, cultural and social, emotional and psychological, legal and legal, 32 items, whose validity was confirmed by six sports management professors. In the reliability investigation, the results of Cronbach's alpha showed α=0.89. The research questionnaire was sent to the target immigrants and after collecting, 63 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS24 and PLS3 software.Results: The results showed that in the economic and financial component, the dependence factor of athletes' financial receipt on the result; In the cultural and social component, the Corona prevalence factor and stopping international travel and being deprived of social and cross-cultural interactions with immigrants and athletes from other cities and countries; In the emotional and psychological component, the factor of lack of social support from family, friends, etc. and in the legal component and Legally, the factor of sports punishment due to lack of familiarity with the rules and regulations of the league is considered as the highest priority of Iranian immigrant athletes.Conclusion: The research results showed that by identifying the problems of Iranian immigrant athletes, the necessary awareness should be given to the potential immigrants and also the immigrants should be familiar with the integration process and its problems for better adaptation.
Masoumeh Salahshouri; Noshin Benar; Mohammad Mahdi Rahmati
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this research was to analyze the experiences of transgender athletes.Methodology: The current qualitative study is application-oriented and the data are based on collected documentary information. This research was conducted using the Sandlowski, Barroso and Willis (2007) 7-step ...
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Objective: The goal of this research was to analyze the experiences of transgender athletes.Methodology: The current qualitative study is application-oriented and the data are based on collected documentary information. This research was conducted using the Sandlowski, Barroso and Willis (2007) 7-step meta-synthesis method and the common coding technique in qualitative research on 8 articles obtained through researching scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Pubmed. The analysis of concepts and the results of interviews with professional transgender athletes were also performed.Results: The research findings in 4 main themes: individual evolution, gender identity evolution, gender identity culture and acceptance gender identity, and 17 sub- themes: childhood behavior, being different, mental crisis, naming, Gender matching process, Identity disclosure, Identity matching, Consequences of identity disclosure, Identity concealment, humiliation, transphobia, awareness, family support, coach and teammate support, recognition and rejection were identified.Conclusion: The results of this research show the importance of creating a culture and creating a supportive environment by the sports community to accept transgender athletes.
mahdi bashiri; Rasoul Faraji; farideh alabaf yousefi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluation of factors affecting on acceptance of products endorsing athletes from customers' perspective. Methodology: This is an applied descriptive study. The population of the study included all the sports store customers in Tabriz city. In this study a total ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluation of factors affecting on acceptance of products endorsing athletes from customers' perspective. Methodology: This is an applied descriptive study. The population of the study included all the sports store customers in Tabriz city. In this study a total of 350 questionnaires were distributed and finally 334 questionnaires were collected. For data collection athlete endorser effectiveness scale was applied. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 15 professors of sport management. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.92). The hypotheses were examined by the structural equation modeling method using Smart PLS 3.00 software. Results: The results indicated that respectively athlete expertise, athlete trustworthiness, athlete attractiveness, athlete likability, athlete similarity and athlete familiarity has a significant and positive impact in accepting the famous athletes in advertising from the customers' perspective. Moreover, results indicated that 93% of criterion variables (acceptance athlete) were explained by the Predictor variables. Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that the familiarity of the athletes, athletes' attractiveness, athletes' expertise, athletes' similarity, lovable character and reliability of the athletes should be taken into account by the sports marketing companies in selecting athletes as endorsers.
ghassem mehrabi; habib honari; mohammad ebrahim razaghi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of study was Analysis of Barrier Access and Problems Wrestling Chokhe Athletes for Participation in This Sport. Methodology: The research method is descriptive and it is a type of survey. The statistical population comprises of all 80 Wrestling Chokhe Athletes that Participated ...
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Objective: The purpose of study was Analysis of Barrier Access and Problems Wrestling Chokhe Athletes for Participation in This Sport. Methodology: The research method is descriptive and it is a type of survey. The statistical population comprises of all 80 Wrestling Chokhe Athletes that Participated at 2014.01.13 in field traditional "zinal khan cheshme" and statistical sampel is selected equal to statistical population. Data collection is done by researcher-made questionnaire whos face and content validity is confirmed by experts and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire (α = 0.93). Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA) with a varimax rotation was used to identify factors. Results: According factor analysis, of the 40 Problems, 27 items having appropriate factor loading were stand in 4 factors namely social environmental, organizational, interapersonal & interpersonal. Result showed that organizational factors had most important (%24.954 of variance) and interpersonal had least important (%12.954 of variance) in explanation of the Access and Problems Wrestling Chokhe Athletes for Participation in This Sport. Conclusion: paying attention to Access and Problems identified in the present research and trying to remove them in conformity with strategies were presented can cause to mass participation Athletes and development This Sport
Yasser Safar; Seyed Morteza Azimzadeh; Azar Kafashpoor
Volume 5, Issue 1 , May 2016, , Pages 85-102
Abstract
Objective: Nowadays, developing and managing strong brands are not restricted to products, teams and leagues but they are also followed among specific individual athletes. Hence, the purpose of this research was to analyze the effective factors to make the brand image of athletes. Methodology: The present ...
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Objective: Nowadays, developing and managing strong brands are not restricted to products, teams and leagues but they are also followed among specific individual athletes. Hence, the purpose of this research was to analyze the effective factors to make the brand image of athletes. Methodology: The present research was applied based on research purpose, field based on data collection, descriptive-correlation based on methodology. The study population consisted of all male students in physical education universities in the city of Mashhad in the second semester of 2013-14 academic year (N=1083). To determine the sample size, PASS software was used. On this basis, the required sample size was estimated to be 308 people. The questionnaire was distributed to a randomly cluster. In order to analyze the research data, confirmatory factor analysis software was used with AMOS21. Results: The results showed that, factors on and off field, both had a significant relationship with the athlete’s brand image. Furthermore, it was found that the style of athletic competition and sportsmanship, with the highest and lowest loadings of 0.91 and 0.52, impact the athlete’s brand image. Conclusion: In addition to pay attention to the factors on filed, athlete should look for factors of off field to create a positive image of themselves. Also, personal brand should be based on their competitive advantage to achieve the main goal of branding which is to create a distinction.
Bahram Yoosefi; Shiva Safari tekyeh
Volume 5, Issue 1 , May 2016, , Pages 201-216
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare brand equity components among Adidas sportswear shoppers, both athletes and non-athletes. Methodology: It was a descriptive survey. Since Adidas is a well- known and popular sports brand in the world, it has official agency in Iran. The target population ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare brand equity components among Adidas sportswear shoppers, both athletes and non-athletes. Methodology: It was a descriptive survey. Since Adidas is a well- known and popular sports brand in the world, it has official agency in Iran. The target population was defined as customers who had referred to and purchased from the Adidas official agency in Tehran (Iran capital city). 404 questionnaires were filled out by costumers using randomly simple method. The tool has already been applied by Tong and Hawley (2009). Apart from demographic questions (age and gender), the main part of this questionnaire included five items measuring various dimensions of brand equity including brand awareness, brand loyalty, brand association and its perceived quality. For analyzing data, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation coefficient and Fisher's Z test were utilized. Results: The findings indicated that athlete and non-athlete Sportswear customers were different in brand awareness and loyalty, while in the dimensions of brand association and perceived quality, there was no significant difference among them. Furthermore, these results showed that there was a significant and positive relation between four dimensions of brand equity (brand awareness, brand loyalty, brand association and perceived quality) and sportswear brand equity. Conclusion: According to the obtained results of this study, the managers of sportswear industry have to focus their marketing activities on brand association and its perceived quality for extending brand.
Mohsen Ghofrani
Volume 4, Issue 2 , June 2015, , Pages 71-81
Abstract
Objective: Empirical evidence shows that social responsibility activities can have a positive impact by strengthening reputation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social responsibility and reputation of gym clubs in Sistan and Baluchestan. Methodology: The methodology ...
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Objective: Empirical evidence shows that social responsibility activities can have a positive impact by strengthening reputation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social responsibility and reputation of gym clubs in Sistan and Baluchestan. Methodology: The methodology of research was descriptive correlational and according to its applicable purpose, the research was done in the field. The population of the study were all bodybuilders of Sistan and Baluchestan which according to Morgan Table, 384 of them were selected as the sample. Tools for data collection was a researcher-made social responsibility questionnaire and Reseller’s reputation questionnaire. Validity of questionnaires was confirmed by five Professors of physical education and the reliability of the questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, were respectively (0.89) and (0.93). In order to analyze the data, in descriptive section, the mean and the standard deviation and in the analytical part, the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression were used. Results: The results showed that all aspects of social responsibility have a positive and significant relationship with the club's reputation. In addition, the dimensions of legalizing (β =0.291), moral (β=0.238), philanthropy (β =0.206), and economic (β= 0.19) were significant predictors for reputation. Conclusion: Therefore, managers should pay more attention to social responsibility to contribute to their clubs’ reputation.
