Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD in Sports Management, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm Branch, Qeshm, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Sports Management Department, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm Branch, Qeshm, Iran.

Abstract

Objective: The main purpose of this research is to formulate a private sector investment model with an emphasis on sporting events.
Methodology: The present study is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. In the qualitative part of the research, 30 people purposefully and in the quantitative part, according to Cochran's formula, people from the presidents of sports federations, managers of sports clubs, financial sponsors, managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, professors and physical education specialists and all members of the think tank of the Ministry of Sports. Iranian youth were selected as a research sample. A 53-item researcher-made questionnaire was used to achieve the research objectives. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 15 experts and the construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Combined reliability indices (CR) and Cronbach's alpha were higher than 0.7 for all constructs and the whole questionnaire. Delphi method was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part in three steps. In the quantitative part, descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were used with the help of SPSS 22 and Smartpls software.
Results: The results showed that economic factors as the most important and first category (0.325), managerial factors (0.278) in the second place, cultural factors (0.267) in the third place, and legal factors (0.213) It ranks fourth and structural factors (0.193) are effective in private sector investment and participation in national and international sporting events.
Conclusion: The results of the research show that providing economic, managerial and cultural solutions as the most important components can lead to investment and participation of the private sector in the Iranian sports industry.
 

Keywords

Almoez, W. N. W., Baharumshah, A. Z., & Law, S. H. (2010). Foreign direct investment, economic freedom and economic growth: International evidence. Economic Modelling, 27(5): 1079-1089.
Aseidu, kofi fred & at all," Does prevatization impact job satisfaction? the case of ghana" , worlddev vol. 35, No 10. 211-235.
Bai,chong-en,. lu, jiangyong,and tao,zhiang(2009). how does rivatization work in china?jornal of comparative economic ,volume 37,lssue 3, p 453-470.
Benoit seguin (2007), " sponsorship in the trenches: case study evidence of its legitimate place in the promotional mix", sport journal , vol(10),No. 1.
Cialdini, R. B. Borden, R. J. Thomas, Walker, M. P & Freeman (2000) , " Basking in reflected glory: Three field studies" , journal of personality and social psychology, p. 366- 375.
Clark. John M. Cornwell. Bet na. Prui. Stephen W. (2008). ”The impact of title event. Sponsorship announcements on shareholder wealth” ,market let,doi:10/1007/s11002-008-9004 –z.
Davis, chuk(2000). " privatization: common themes, similar outcome", available at umn. edu.
Funk, Daniel. & Tennille J. Bruun (2006). ”The role of socio-psychological an culture – education motive in marketing international sport Tourism: A cross – cultural perspective, Tourism management”. Article in press
Garland. Ron, Charbonneau. Jan, Macpherson. Terry. (2008). ” Measuring sport sponsorship effectiveness: links to existing behavior”. Innovative Marketing, Managing Leisure, 19(4): 263-282.
Gibbon, honry(2001)," Guide bar directing government owned enterprises" available at privatization. org.
Philipsen, Stotlar DK. Privatization of water sports and recreational fishing facilities; 2018
Jones CP. Investments: analysis and management. John Wiley & Sons; 2007 Jun 14. Biscaia M. Evaluation of privatization in sports with the approach of assessing the strengths and weaknesses. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 2014;3(1):631-6
Hamakos. A. (2004). "Sport business in the next decide: A general over view of expectd trends". Journal of Sport management. 15. 275-206.
Kang, chao-chung, " privatization and production efficiency in taiwan's telecommunication industry, science direct. 2009.
Liu. M. T, Huang. Y. Y, Minghua. J. (2007)." Relations among attractiveness of endorsers , match-up , and purchase intention in sport marketing in china”. Journal of consumer marketing , 24. 6,358-365, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Mason,K. (2006). "How corporate sport sponsorship impacts consumer behavior",Journal of American Academy of Business , Cambridge, 7, 1, ABI/INFORM Golbal,pg 32-35.
Mathur, ike & at all, " the effects of privatization on the performance of newly privatized firms in emerging markets, emerging markets review. The international journal of the history of sport, 24(7): 921-953.
Narayan Baek T, Whitehill King K. Exploring the consequences of brand credibility in services. Journal of Services Marketing. 2016 Jul International Journal of Advertising. 17(1): 29-49.
Okten, cagla & k. peren arin, " the effect of privatization on eficiency: how does privatization work? " , world development , 2006, vol 24(7): 921-953. Oriani, raffaele (2001). " the import of privatization on the economic returns to r&d activities, emperical evidence forma sample of european firms" available at tm. tue. nl.
Philipsen, J. F. B. ; Bakker, J. G.  (2011) , " Privatization of water sports and leisure fishing facilities: a study of processes and effects ".
Ppppy B, Green M. Comparitive Elite Sport Development. Systems, structures and public policy. Amsterdam et al.: Butterworth-Heinemann. 2015.
Roger Bennett , Rehnuma Ali-Choudhury and Wendy Mousley, (2007) “Television viewers’ motivatons to follow the 2005 Ashes Test series:implications for the rebranding of English Cricket “. Journal of product & brand management. 10/1(2007) , 23-37.
Roy, donald (2000), "manager use of sponsorship in building brands: service and product firm contrasted", international journal of sport marketing & sponsorship The Asian journal on quality. 9(1): 103.114.
 Salimi, Mahdi, Soltanhosseini, Mohammad, Padash, Donia, Khalili, Ebrahim (2012) , "Prioritization of the Factors Effecting Privatization in Sport Clubs: With AHP & TOPSIS Methods - Emphasis in Football" , International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences.
Skriber JL. Proximate development: an alternate justification for publicinvestment in major sport facilities?. Managing Leisure. 2015 Jul 4;19(4):263-82.
Schwarz,eric c,stacy a. hall and simon shibli(2010),"financing sport facilities,sport facility operation management" p,31-49.
Stotlar D. K. (2001). Developing successfull sport sponsorship plans. Sport marketing quarterly, NO4 ,PP:15-21
Strelize, Benadie(2005),"Relationships in Sport Sponsorship: a Marketing Perspective", unpublished doctoral degree dissertation, Faculty of Management, University of Johannesburg.
Thomas, hickman, ward, lawrence & james (2005), " A social identities perspective on the effect of corporate sport sponsorship on employees", sport marketing quarterly, vol(12), No. 3.
Van herden M. Olympic glory or grassroots development? Sport policy priorities in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom, 1960–2006. The international journal of the history of sport. 2015 Jul 1;24(7):921-53.
Yotahino G, Hatch ME. Market reactions to sport support leaflets. Urban Affairs Review. 2019 Nov Economic Modelling, 27(5): 1079-1089 Wilson. B, Stavros. C, Westberg. K. (2008). "Player transgressions and themanagement of the sport sponsor relationship ". Public Relations Review. 34. 99-107.