Abstract
Objective: Professional sport with a market-oriented approach, in addition to social benefits, has sometimes exploited athletes in some aspects. The purpose of this study was to identify Manifestations of exploitation of athletes by clubs and the general atmosphere of professional sports.
Methodology: This research was conducted qualitatively. Sampling was purposive and 12 athlete, experts and manager were selected as participants and data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews.
Results: The results showed Manifestations of sports exploitation in eight cases including physical exploitation (physical injuries, exercise health, body destruction), emotional exploitation (family rejection, social humiliation), identity exploitation (gender discrimination, ethnic-religious discrimination), social exploitation (media orientation). Expectations, social role distortion, confusion), economic exploitation (contracts, pensions, salaries), cultural exploitation (lifestyle media war), exploitation of human property (instrumental view, tools of war) and educational exploitation (behavioral violence, verbal violence, Psychological violence).
Conclusion: : However, the existence of local cultures, the influence of liberal ideas of sports colleagues and finally the athlete's lack of awareness of the course of his professional life has sometimes led to the exploitation of the athlete's life in various dimensions