Social Issues in Sport Management
Amirhesam Rahimi; Kourosh Ghahreman Tabrizi; Mohammad Sadegh Zaeifi
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the dimensions of beliefs in superstition and witchcraft within Iranian football and to examine their perceived behavioral consequences for fans.
Methodology: This research employed a qualitative design based on thematic analysis and was exploratory and applied ...
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Objective: This study aimed to explore the dimensions of beliefs in superstition and witchcraft within Iranian football and to examine their perceived behavioral consequences for fans.
Methodology: This research employed a qualitative design based on thematic analysis and was exploratory and applied in nature. Eighteen participants, including coaches, players, referees, fans, and football veterans with relevant experience, were selected through purposive and snowball sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed in two stages. First, thematic coding was conducted to identify the dimensions of the phenomenon. Second, the behavioral consequences for fans were inferred through an integrative analysis drawing on interview data, theoretical foundations, and previous research. The trustworthiness of the findings was established using Guba and Lincoln’s criteria, while reliability was confirmed through a test–retest procedure (coefficient = 0.81). Results: The analysis revealed two overarching themes—psychological and socio-cultural—comprising eight subthemes and 33 primary concepts that characterize beliefs in superstition and witchcraft in Iranian football. The findings further indicated that these beliefs may contribute to imitation and emulation among fans, social tensions, and various psychological and financial costs.
Conclusion: Beliefs in superstition and witchcraft in Iranian football represent an institutionalized and multidimensional phenomenon shaped by the interaction of psychological and socio-cultural factors. This interaction reinforces a self-perpetuating cycle whose most significant consequence is the erosion of a healthy and sustainable fan culture. Addressing this phenomenon requires coordinated and targeted interventions across institutional, educational, media, and psychological domains.
Ahmad Nazari torshizi; Zahrasadat Mirzazadeh; Mahdi Talebpour; Ali Benesbordi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the current research was to identify and prioritize the components of national sports branding in Iran.
Methodology: In terms of the purpose of this research, it was an applied research that is a mixed research that was conducted in two stages. First, the data characteristics ...
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Objective: The purpose of the current research was to identify and prioritize the components of national sports branding in Iran.
Methodology: In terms of the purpose of this research, it was an applied research that is a mixed research that was conducted in two stages. First, the data characteristics of the country in the national branding of sports were identified by the data theory of the foundation and Glaser approach, and in the next stage, the factors were prioritized by the fuzzy Dematel method. The statistical population of this study included professors of sports management, sports marketing management, branding specialists, experts in the field of public and sports diplomacy, specialists in the field of public and sports tourism, members of the media, sports sociologists and sports psychologists. The sampling method was purposive. A total of 21 interviews were conducted as open and in-depth questions until the data reached theoretical saturation. In the Fuzzy Dimitel section, 9 experts answered the matrix questionnaire.
Results: The research findings showed that there are a total of 86 indicators in the national sports branding of the country, which are classified into 10 concepts, advertising, foreign policy and sports diplomacy, tourism and intrinsic assets and brand image in the category of effective indicators and five, cultural, sports policy-making, information technology and technology, charitable activities and social responsibility are among the effective indicators.
Conclusion: In general, it was concluded that the country of Iran has significant indicators in the field of national sports branding, and due to the intrinsic nature of most of these indicators, the country is in a good position for national sports branding.
Zuleikha Alizadeh; Mehrzad Hamidi; Seyed Ehsan Amirhosseini
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to design a performance management model for the Iranian Ski Federation by combining BSC and ISM approaches.Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and research data were collected in a field and in a mixed manner (qualitative and quantitative). ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to design a performance management model for the Iranian Ski Federation by combining BSC and ISM approaches.Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and research data were collected in a field and in a mixed manner (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population in the quantitative section, the officials of the federation and the provincial ski delegations were equal to 82 people and in the qualitative section were 18 experts. Due to the limited number of members, the community became equal to the sample. The research tool in the qualitative part was an interview and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors of sports management at the university and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.96). ISM and BSC methods were used to design the model.Results: The results showed that there are 12 dimensions and 40 components for the development of ski management performance management and the dimensions were placed in seven levels and four perspectives of growth and learning, internal processes, customer and financial.Conclusion: It can be said that the development of training courses and motivational measures will facilitate the achievement of other dimensions of ski performance management.
tayyebeh yanpi; morteza dosti; saeid tabesh
Abstract
The purpose of designing the model is the effective factors on the progress of the Iranian swimming sport. Methodology: The research method is mixed. The statistical population of the study consisted of all pool managers, referees, coaches, lifeguards, swimmers, pool users, members of the swimming federation, ...
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The purpose of designing the model is the effective factors on the progress of the Iranian swimming sport. Methodology: The research method is mixed. The statistical population of the study consisted of all pool managers, referees, coaches, lifeguards, swimmers, pool users, members of the swimming federation, swimming instructors, and swimmers who were active and available in the field of swimming. the samples were selected as snow bullets. the sample size was created by the sampling method of 265 people. the research tool at this stage was a questionnaire and five Likert scale.after confirming the validity of the questionnaire, cronbach's alpha was calculated by cronbach's alpha. in addition, all the data analysis and analysis of the present study were done in theSPSS software version 22 and Pls2 software.Results: the analysis of the research model showed that between the five components, the economic component with operating load (0.78)has the most and component of facilities and equipment with operating load (0.51)are the lowest possible components in swimming development.Conclusion With regard to the results of the present study, macro - level planning, promotion of advertising for attracting financial support, broadcasting competition from national media, using domestic and foreign coaches and standardization of pool facilities and equipment is identified, as swimming in Islam also needs adequate support through the authorities and swimming federations
ali mohsenifar; morteza dousti; Seyed Reza Hosseini Nia; saeid tabesh
Abstract
Objective: Television is the most important and influential medium in the development of different aspects of sport, and the Ninety is one of the most important, most popular, most controversial and controversial television program, bringing millions of viewers to television every week; The present study ...
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Objective: Television is the most important and influential medium in the development of different aspects of sport, and the Ninety is one of the most important, most popular, most controversial and controversial television program, bringing millions of viewers to television every week; The present study is an analysis of the cancellation of Navad program broadcast in the Iranian Premier League.Methodology: This is an Analytical research with the mixed method. The sampling method was targeted and convenient. The statistical population of the study consisted of all journalists, media managers, coaches, referees, athletes and managers of football clubs across the country. In the first stage of the research, using interviews with 25 subject of the statistical population, the factors involved in the cancellation of Navad program broadcast were identified. In the second and third stages, the identified factors were assessed by the Delphi group (n = 25). In these two stages, factors with at least 70% positive response remained for the next stage. In the final stage, the identified factors in the previous three stages were ranked using the five-point Likert scale. After collection, the data was analyzed with the TAPSIS technique.Results: The results of the study showed that the increase of misjudgment in the Premier League games is the most effective and the absence of coaches and technical staff of the Premier League teams in the substitute programs for Navad program are the most effective factors of the cancellation of Navad program broadcast on the Iranian Premier League.Conclusion: Therefore, according to the research results, it is suggested to the authorities to improve progress and transparency in the Premier League by emphasizing on prograaming and broadcasting the Navad program.
Abolfazl Darvishi; arman taheri; morteza dousti
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the causes of corruption in Iranian football.Methodology: This research is applied and its method is mixed. Sampling method was purposeful and available. The statistical population of the study consisted of Iran's managers, coaches, players, pioneers ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the causes of corruption in Iranian football.Methodology: This research is applied and its method is mixed. Sampling method was purposeful and available. The statistical population of the study consisted of Iran's managers, coaches, players, pioneers and referees. In the first stage, factor were identified by use interviews with 17 people from the statistical population. In the second phase, the identified factors in interview, reviewed by the Delphi group (20 people) and in two stage; at this stage, factors that had at least 60% positive response remained for the next step. In the final stage, the ranking of the identified factors in two stages before was done using Likert Five-Point Questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained by the sports management professors and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.86). For ranking the factors was used of Friedman test in format of SPSS software.Results: According to the findings of this research, the most important factors of corruption in Iranian football were respectively, the lack of collective will to fight corruption, Circulation lots of money and without plans in football, Inadequate monitoring and inappropriate control, Intervention political and mismanagement in dealing with corruption.Conclusion: Therefore, according to the results of this research, it can be said that there is no determination in the Iranian football for a fundamental struggle with corruption, and this is the reason for the lack of adequate supervision.
Mohammad Javadipour; nahid Atghia; somayeh rahbari; Halimeh Taefi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was reviewing the effectivefactors on the process of policy-making of sport for all in Iran.Methodology: Research method in terms of the purpose was practical and in view of the nature of the research data was qualitative. For this purpose, 16 experts aware ...
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Objective: The purpose of the present study was reviewing the effectivefactors on the process of policy-making of sport for all in Iran.Methodology: Research method in terms of the purpose was practical and in view of the nature of the research data was qualitative. For this purpose, 16 experts aware of the sport for all selected by targeted and snowball for depth unstructured interviews. The data were collected through interviews and coded and analyzed by Streubert and Carpenter’s method.Results: The results showed that the organizational components, beliefs and cultures, economic conditions, analysis, interpretation and compilation of scientific, studies and research are the factors affecting in sport’s policy-making and existing damage in the process of policy-making in sport for all including factors such as poor monitoring, poorly structured, lack of planning and implementation, poor performance of the media, limited financial resources, poor performance of human resources, rules and limited partnerships, academic and research centers. Also results Revealed that the main effective factors on the process of policy-making of sport for all in Iran including current policies, the advice of leaders, concerned and responsible agencies and organizations, popular culture, media and financial factors.Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it is suggested that consideration and analysis of these factors be considered as the first steps in the decision-making of sport for all policy-making process in Iran.
hossein eydi; rahim ramzaninejad; Salah Dastoom
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the research was the analysis of the Iran attendance in 15 Period of the Olympic Games and comparison with other contingents counters. Methodology: Research method was descriptive and type of analytic study. Sample was 15 period of Iran attendance in summer Olympic games and ...
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Objective: The purpose of the research was the analysis of the Iran attendance in 15 Period of the Olympic Games and comparison with other contingents counters. Methodology: Research method was descriptive and type of analytic study. Sample was 15 period of Iran attendance in summer Olympic games and was equal to society. Data gathered from classify and analyzing of articles, reports and resource related to Olympic Games. Also, for analysis data descriptive, inferential statistics and lexicograph method was used. Results: Results showed that Iran attendance in Olympic Games from 1948-2004 gain priority 9 0/0, 4 0/0 and 16 0/0 of distributed medals of Asia, Africa and Central and South America contingents and success percent (medal/attendance number) of Iran in three sport of wrestling, weightlifting and taekwondo was 93 0/0, 80 0/0 and 66 0/0. Iran performance in 16, 19 and 30 period of Olympic Games mutation and among this periods decrees process. Weakest performance of Iran from viewpoint of distrusted medal and efficiency ratio (medal/population) was between 1988 until 1996. Iran in Beijing 2008 Olympic Games had weakest performance and in the world, Asia, Africa and Central and South America contingents in priority was 17, 5, 2 and 1 rank. So, mean rank of Iran in all attendant Olympic Games in priority was 31.26, 4.33, 2.56 and 3.40 in the world, Asia, Africa and Central and South America contingents. Conclusion: According to Olympic Games distribute table of medal and ratio efficiency and compare to Asia, Africa and Central and South America countries, Iran has high rank and good place
Ebrahim Deldar; GholamAli Kargar; Farzad Ghafouri
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2017, , Pages 53-68
Abstract
Objective: This survey identified and ranked the economic obstacles of club privatization in Iranian professional football league. Methodology: The statistical population of this study included the directors of the premier football league and the first division football league, the chief committees of ...
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Objective: This survey identified and ranked the economic obstacles of club privatization in Iranian professional football league. Methodology: The statistical population of this study included the directors of the premier football league and the first division football league, the chief committees of football federation and provincial football boards, professors of sport management and economics, and management who were familiar with the professional football Issues, as well as football news reporters and experts (N=173). The data collection tool was the structured questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed. To measure reliability of questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha was used (α=0.80). Friedman test was used to rank the obstacles as well as Factor Analysis was used to identify factors. Results: The results showed that the first obstacle of professional football club privatization was inappropriate allocation of television broadcast rights and pitch-side advertising among teams. Conclusion: Increasing the effectiveness and efficiency, improvement of the system management, good results achievement, and budget increase of club are the most important aims of each sport club. The Economic problems towards the clubs privatization were the notable obstacles to reach these aims. So, overcoming these obstacles is the first step to succeed.
Morteza Dostie; Abolfazl Darvishi; Aliasghar khalilifar
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2017, , Pages 178-192
Abstract
Background & Purpose: This survey evaluated the economic obstacles of club privatization in Iranian professional football league. Methodology: The statistical population of this study included the Premier League and first division football club directors, chiefs committee of Football Federation and ...
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Background & Purpose: This survey evaluated the economic obstacles of club privatization in Iranian professional football league. Methodology: The statistical population of this study included the Premier League and first division football club directors, chiefs committee of Football Federation and official football of the Provinces, sport management and some of economic and management professors which were familiar to the professional football Issues, and football news reporters and experts (N=173). The data collection tool was researcher made questionnaire which its validity was confirmed. To measuring reliability of questionnaire, Cranach’s alpha was used (α=0.80). Friedman test was used for ranking of the obstacles and Factor Analyzes was used. Results: The results showed that the first obstacle was population inappropriate allocation of broadcasting. Discussion: Increasing the effectiveness and efficiency, improvement of the managing system, obtaining good results and increasing the budget of club are the most important aims of each sport club and the Economic problems towards the clubs privatization were the notable obstacles to reach these goals. So, removal of these obstacles, is the first step to success.
Sayed Amad Hosseini; Sayed Mohammad Hosin Razavi; Masoud Yamini Firouz; Sayed malek ashtar Hashemi Kochaksarai
Volume 4, Issue 1 , June 2015, , Pages 49-63
Abstract
AbstractObjective: Nowadays, credible international leagues attempt to improve their standards to continue their progress to become proficient in next years. The aim of this research is the study of Iran's Premier League football based on professional standards AFC.Methodology: This research is a descriptive ...
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AbstractObjective: Nowadays, credible international leagues attempt to improve their standards to continue their progress to become proficient in next years. The aim of this research is the study of Iran's Premier League football based on professional standards AFC.Methodology: This research is a descriptive one. Base on the aim, it is functional and accomplished in field. The statistic population of this study included all Federation's managers, league organization, Club's managers, head coaches, instructors and obliging wardens (supervisors) of premier league and Iran's football experts (102 persons) that all had been selected due to the limited statistic population. In order to collect the data, a questionnaire was made by the researcher. To analyze the data using descriptive statistic methods, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Binomial Test at significance level (α= 0/05) were used.Results: The results showed that in optimal position, stadium (4/0329) and in the present situation, the League organization (2/8511), had the highest average comparing to other variables The results also showed that the five components being studied in the present situation were less than mean situation and the average (number 3) and they were not at a favorable level according to AFC standard.Conclusion: The results of the research in its five components rejected its conformity to AFC’s standards. So, it is suggested that people who are in charge try to develop increasingly and achieve Iran's football goals based on international standards.
Mohamad Reza Moeinfar; Parvin Shoushinasab; Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
Volume 3, Issue 2 , January 2015, , Pages 1-17
Abstract
Abstract Objective: The purpose of the study was to design strategies for recreational sport tourism development in Iran. Methodology: This research is analytic descriptive. The research population were 200 elites including presidents and vice presidents of national federations, the managers of ...
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Abstract Objective: The purpose of the study was to design strategies for recreational sport tourism development in Iran. Methodology: This research is analytic descriptive. The research population were 200 elites including presidents and vice presidents of national federations, the managers of Sport and Youth Ministry, some faculty members and presidents of Tourism organization. The questionnaire was formulated as the result of studying the existent status of sport tourism in Iran and the viewpoints of strategic board. Binominal test and Descriptive analysis were used for significant determination of items' importance and ranking them respectively. Results: The results demonstrated the significant importance of 11 strengths, 14 weaknesses, 8 opportunities and 10 threats in recreational sport tourism in Iran. Conclusion: Eight strategies were formulated for developing recreational sport tourism, using Strategic Board’s opinions and pair comparison of the significant items. The strategies are as follows: developing strategies for holding the national and international sport events in the regions with proper capacity for recreational sport tourism; establishing special sites for recreational sport events in various regions of the country; compiling and implementing a comprehensive system for continuous evaluation and analysis of the various kinds of recreational sport tourism's benefits for the country; introducing the recreational sport tourism industry to the society using propaganda and marketing; providing a system for introducing the recreational sport tourism attractions at the margin of the sport events; providing internet sites for introducing and marketing the recreational sport tourism attractions; compiling a comprehensive system for attraction of domestic and foreign investments in recreational sport tourism section; training the management specialists in the sections, institutes and organizations involved in sport tourism; and compiling a comprehensive system for privatization of the sport tourism based on the policies of the 44 principle. Keywords: Strategies, Sport Tourism, Development, Iran
