alireza zare; Behzad izadi; Daniel Rascher; Geoff Dickson
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for macroeconomic diplomacy strategies in the country's sports.Methodology: In this research, using the combined-exploratory method, macro-strategies of economic diplomacy in the country's sports and the participants are the country's sports ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for macroeconomic diplomacy strategies in the country's sports.Methodology: In this research, using the combined-exploratory method, macro-strategies of economic diplomacy in the country's sports and the participants are the country's sports managers. Using purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, key informants (including 13 people) were selected to identify the framework of the economic diplomacy model and interviewed. The tools used to identify the factors of the economic diplomacy model were semi-structured interviews with focus groups (and study of documents). To ensure the validity and reliability of the study, the Lincoln and Guba evaluation methods were used. Was presented.Results: The obtained model includes a total of 22 components as macro strategies of economic diplomacy in the country's sports in the three stages of social economy, structural mastery and promotion of goals.Conclusion: Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran first needs a clear document for economic diplomacy. In this regard, it should be noted that the success of economic diplomacy requires a proper vision of national interests at the regional and global levels.Keywords: Development, strategy, macro, economic diplomacy, sports.
alireza zare; Hakimeh Zare; Mehdi Emadi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the propensity for superstition among football players in Iran. Methodology: It is an applied and field study. Research population included the whole Iran pro league footballers (N=420). The sample size was 203 players selected ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the propensity for superstition among football players in Iran. Methodology: It is an applied and field study. Research population included the whole Iran pro league footballers (N=420). The sample size was 203 players selected by Cochran's Q formula. The tool was a structured questionnaire whose validity and reliability were verified. The statistical tests consisted of Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, and multiple regressions using SPSS software. Results: Results showed that the propensity for superstition generally had average value (average size = 41%). There was significant relationship between indexes of education, marital status, match uncertainty, match result’s importance, pre-game anxiety, ethnicity, and birthplace with the propensity for superstition (p<0.05). Conclusion: Rise in educational level and match anxiety reduction can significantly influence the reduction of propensity for superstition.
