University of Guilan Journal of Sport Management and Development 2322-4800 13 4 2025 02 19 The Interpretive-Structural Model of Fans’ Stimulant to Involvement in the Virtual Pages of Football Clubs The Interpretive-Structural Model of Fans’ Stimulant to Involvement in the Virtual Pages of Football Clubs 1 23 8584 10.22124/jsmd.2021.16373.2309 FA Samira Zamanian Yazdi .A in Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahroud University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran Hadi Bagheri Assistant Professor in Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahroud University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran Reza Andam Associate Professor in Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahroud University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran Journal Article 2020 06 15 Objective: The present study investigated the motivational factors of sports fans for participation in the virtual pages of football clubs. Methodology: This research is an exploratory kind of mixed method that was performed in two qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, along with the analysis of the existing literature, 20 interviews were conducted with social media experts, sports marketers, and active sports fans on the clubs' websites, Instagram pages, and the Telegram channel, which resulted in the extraction of nine factors motivating virtual participation. In the quantitative part, using interpretive-structural modeling, the levels and relationships between the factors were determined and analyzed in an integrated manner. In this part, using the pairwise comparison questionnaire, the opinions of 14 active fans on the mentioned virtual pages were collected. These fans were selected by purposive sampling. Results: By analyzing the questionnaires, motives for fans’ participation in the clubs’ virtual pages were categorized into six levels: 1) entertainment; 2) income and reward; 3) empowerment; 4) identification, solidarity and social interaction, and supporting the club; 5) brand interest and demanding; 6) gaining information. Conclusion: Focusing on the virtual behavior of the fans, the present study shows another way to develop the clubs' relationship with their fans and expand their fan base, which is based on the importance and position of the fans' motivations for participating in the virtual pages. Objective: The present study investigated the motivational factors of sports fans for participation in the virtual pages of football clubs. Methodology: This research is an exploratory kind of mixed method that was performed in two qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, along with the analysis of the existing literature, 20 interviews were conducted with social media experts, sports marketers, and active sports fans on the clubs' websites, Instagram pages, and the Telegram channel, which resulted in the extraction of nine factors motivating virtual participation. In the quantitative part, using interpretive-structural modeling, the levels and relationships between the factors were determined and analyzed in an integrated manner. In this part, using the pairwise comparison questionnaire, the opinions of 14 active fans on the mentioned virtual pages were collected. These fans were selected by purposive sampling. Results: By analyzing the questionnaires, motives for fans’ participation in the clubs’ virtual pages were categorized into six levels: 1) entertainment; 2) income and reward; 3) empowerment; 4) identification, solidarity and social interaction, and supporting the club; 5) brand interest and demanding; 6) gaining information. Conclusion: Focusing on the virtual behavior of the fans, the present study shows another way to develop the clubs' relationship with their fans and expand their fan base, which is based on the importance and position of the fans' motivations for participating in the virtual pages.

https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_8584_b8e6116f3c66516e0f1e649a1a34e1ba.pdf

University of Guilan Journal of Sport Management and Development 2322-4800 13 4 2025 02 19 Designing a model of successful club management system in volleyball academies of Golestan province Designing a model of successful club management system in volleyball academies of Golestan province 24 51 8595 10.22124/jsmd.2022.21956.2679 FA Hamidreza Ghezelsefloo Associate Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Sport Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran. Danyal Atabaie MA Student in Sport Management, Faculty of Humanities Science, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran Nasser Bay Assistant Professor, Faculty of Humanities Science, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran. Journal Article 2022 03 15 Objective: Identifying the factors affecting the success of specialized sports academies is the most important demand of profesional sports executives. So, the purpose of this study was designing a model of successful club management system in volleyball academies in Golestan province. Methodology: This research was an applied research type that was operated by a mixed exploratory method. In the qualitative phase, 15 knowledgeable by snowball sampling participated in semi-structured interviews to achieve saturation. Using MAXQDA software, three selection codes including executive competency, revenue sources and infrastructure were extracted. In the quantitative phase of the research, the questionnaire extracted from the qualitative phase of the research, which was set as a 5-point Likert scale, was distributed among 243 club managers, coaches, sponsors and the former national team athletes. PlS-3 software was used to analyze the data (P≤0.05). Results: The results of factor analysis of data showed that the variables of competence of club managers, development of training and competitive infrastructure and the ability to obtain financial resources have a significant effect on the successful management of volleyball academies in Golestan province. Conclusion: Therefore, the establishment of efficient structures in the organization of sports clubs, the establishment of specialized volleyball academies along with the provision of specialized training equipment and recovery and medical services, activating funding channels such as the sale and transfer of athletes provides the success of volleyball academies Objective: Identifying the factors affecting the success of specialized sports academies is the most important demand of profesional sports executives. So, the purpose of this study was designing a model of successful club management system in volleyball academies in Golestan province. Methodology: This research was an applied research type that was operated by a mixed exploratory method. In the qualitative phase, 15 knowledgeable by snowball sampling participated in semi-structured interviews to achieve saturation. Using MAXQDA software, three selection codes including executive competency, revenue sources and infrastructure were extracted. In the quantitative phase of the research, the questionnaire extracted from the qualitative phase of the research, which was set as a 5-point Likert scale, was distributed among 243 club managers, coaches, sponsors and the former national team athletes. PlS-3 software was used to analyze the data (P≤0.05). Results: The results of factor analysis of data showed that the variables of competence of club managers, development of training and competitive infrastructure and the ability to obtain financial resources have a significant effect on the successful management of volleyball academies in Golestan province. Conclusion: Therefore, the establishment of efficient structures in the organization of sports clubs, the establishment of specialized volleyball academies along with the provision of specialized training equipment and recovery and medical services, activating funding channels such as the sale and transfer of athletes provides the success of volleyball academies

https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_8595_d6a80a507fd7dfc28371b8d5808309ce.pdf

University of Guilan Journal of Sport Management and Development 2322-4800 13 4 2025 02 19 Knowing the Factors Affecting the Expansion of the Underground Economy in the Sports Industry (Iranian Football Study) Knowing the Factors Affecting the Expansion of the Underground Economy in the Sports Industry (Iranian Football Study) 52 82 8646 10.22124/jsmd.2023.23244.2741 FA Seyed Mehdi Seyed Bagheri PhD student in Sport Management, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Rasool Norouzi Seyed Hossini Associate Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Marjan Saffari Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Esmaeil Sharifian Associate Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, Shahid Bahonarkerman University, Kerman, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 07 Objective: The aim of the current research was to identify the factors affecting the expansion of the underground economy in professional football in Iran. Methodology: The research method was qualitative and thematic analysis. The statistical population of the research was all people who are knowledgeable and involved in the economic issues of football, and the snowball sampling method (linear type) was used. Data were collected through internal and semi-structured interviews with 12 experts. Results: The results of the theme analysis include ten main themes that expand the underground economy in Iranian football, including 1. Unsystematic betting 2. Susceptibility of football to money laundering 3. Weakness of the tax system and culture in sports 4. Weakness of laws and tightening of prohibitions 5. Policies Economic defect 6. Structural-organizational inefficiency in football 7. Management weakness in football 8. Government administration and government rents 9. Corruption and lack of resistance to fight against it 10. Institutional dysfunction. Which were placed in the 4 main cultural, legal, political-economic and structural-organizational dimensions. Conclusion: In general, according to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that in order to reduce the underground economy in the sports industry, especially football, the administrative and management system of football should be depoliticized and the government's interference in this field should be minimized. Also, while developing the tax culture, the provincial tax system should be formulated according to the specific characteristics of football and by providing a platform for privatization in football, the possibility of free competition can be created. Objective: The aim of the current research was to identify the factors affecting the expansion of the underground economy in professional football in Iran. Methodology: The research method was qualitative and thematic analysis. The statistical population of the research was all people who are knowledgeable and involved in the economic issues of football, and the snowball sampling method (linear type) was used. Data were collected through internal and semi-structured interviews with 12 experts. Results: The results of the theme analysis include ten main themes that expand the underground economy in Iranian football, including 1. Unsystematic betting 2. Susceptibility of football to money laundering 3. Weakness of the tax system and culture in sports 4. Weakness of laws and tightening of prohibitions 5. Policies Economic defect 6. Structural-organizational inefficiency in football 7. Management weakness in football 8. Government administration and government rents 9. Corruption and lack of resistance to fight against it 10. Institutional dysfunction. Which were placed in the 4 main cultural, legal, political-economic and structural-organizational dimensions. Conclusion: In general, according to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that in order to reduce the underground economy in the sports industry, especially football, the administrative and management system of football should be depoliticized and the government's interference in this field should be minimized. Also, while developing the tax culture, the provincial tax system should be formulated according to the specific characteristics of football and by providing a platform for privatization in football, the possibility of free competition can be created.

https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_8646_fa8177deab148b81d7c8e737cc99eee9.pdf

University of Guilan Journal of Sport Management and Development 2322-4800 13 4 2025 02 19 Identification and Analysis of Experiences of Transgender Athletes and Its Consequences: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis Identification and Analysis of Experiences of Transgender Athletes and Its Consequences: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis 83 111 8525 10.22124/jsmd.2023.24447.2799 FA Masoumeh Salahshouri MA in Sport Management, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Noshin Benar Assocaite Professor in Sport Management, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran 0000-0002-3377-2889 Mohammad Mahdi Rahmati Assocaite Professor in Social Scince, Faculty of Human Sciences & Literature, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2023 05 04 Objective: The goal of this research was to analyze the experiences of transgender athletes. Methodology: The current qualitative study is application-oriented and the data are based on collected documentary information. This research was conducted using the Sandlowski, Barroso and Willis (2007) 7-step meta-synthesis method and the common coding technique in qualitative research on 8 articles obtained through researching scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Pubmed. The analysis of concepts and the results of interviews with professional transgender athletes were also performed. Results: The research findings in 4 main themes: individual evolution, gender identity evolution, gender identity culture and acceptance gender identity, and 17 sub- themes: childhood behavior, being different, mental crisis, naming, Gender matching process, Identity disclosure, Identity matching, Consequences of identity disclosure, Identity concealment, humiliation, transphobia, awareness, family support, coach and teammate support, recognition and rejection were identified. Conclusion: The results of this research show the importance of creating a culture and creating a supportive environment by the sports community to accept transgender athletes. Objective: The goal of this research was to analyze the experiences of transgender athletes. Methodology: The current qualitative study is application-oriented and the data are based on collected documentary information. This research was conducted using the Sandlowski, Barroso and Willis (2007) 7-step meta-synthesis method and the common coding technique in qualitative research on 8 articles obtained through researching scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Pubmed. The analysis of concepts and the results of interviews with professional transgender athletes were also performed. Results: The research findings in 4 main themes: individual evolution, gender identity evolution, gender identity culture and acceptance gender identity, and 17 sub- themes: childhood behavior, being different, mental crisis, naming, Gender matching process, Identity disclosure, Identity matching, Consequences of identity disclosure, Identity concealment, humiliation, transphobia, awareness, family support, coach and teammate support, recognition and rejection were identified. Conclusion: The results of this research show the importance of creating a culture and creating a supportive environment by the sports community to accept transgender athletes.

https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_8525_40148d8f988411037b42fed350193ac6.pdf

University of Guilan Journal of Sport Management and Development 2322-4800 13 4 2025 02 19 Identification of the Opportunities and Challenges of Social Media Marketing of Premier League Football Clubs Identification of the Opportunities and Challenges of Social Media Marketing of Premier League Football Clubs 112 131 8645 10.22124/jsmd.2023.22869.2720 FA Roghayeh Aghaei PhD in Sport Management, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran 0000-0001-5373-3126 Saeed Sadeghi Boroujerdi Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Anahita Malek Mohammadi Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Marketing, University of Coventry, Coventry, United Kingdom Journal Article 2022 09 01 Objective: The aim of this research was identification of the challenges and opportunities of social media marketing of Premier League Football Clubs. Methodology: The research method was qualitative and was carried out using a thematic approach. Research data were collected through semi -structured interviews. The statistical population included 14 professors in the field of sports marketing and social media experts. The sampling method was purposive and interviews continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. Thematic analysis method was used to revel the Basic theme, Organizing theme, Global theme. Results: The analysis of the interviews showed that Iranian football clubs can use the potential capabilities of social media as communication and marketing opportunities with their fans. Social media marketing opportunities include: unique features of social media, club brand awareness and promotion, social media business, fan engagement, online support and protection of fans. In addition, the opportunities, football clubs face challenges in using social media as a marketing tool. Conclusion: According to the results, it is suggested to the managers of football clubs to provide opportunities for increasing the activities of the fans due to the interactive nature of social media. By increasing the involvement of fans in social media, the commercial and advertising income of the club is facilitated. Objective: The aim of this research was identification of the challenges and opportunities of social media marketing of Premier League Football Clubs. Methodology: The research method was qualitative and was carried out using a thematic approach. Research data were collected through semi -structured interviews. The statistical population included 14 professors in the field of sports marketing and social media experts. The sampling method was purposive and interviews continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. Thematic analysis method was used to revel the Basic theme, Organizing theme, Global theme. Results: The analysis of the interviews showed that Iranian football clubs can use the potential capabilities of social media as communication and marketing opportunities with their fans. Social media marketing opportunities include: unique features of social media, club brand awareness and promotion, social media business, fan engagement, online support and protection of fans. In addition, the opportunities, football clubs face challenges in using social media as a marketing tool. Conclusion: According to the results, it is suggested to the managers of football clubs to provide opportunities for increasing the activities of the fans due to the interactive nature of social media. By increasing the involvement of fans in social media, the commercial and advertising income of the club is facilitated.

https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_8645_bc5258c3523b96c52562f64686fc17cc.pdf

University of Guilan Journal of Sport Management and Development 2322-4800 13 4 2025 02 19 Design Modeling of Factors Affecting the Migration of Sports Elites in Iran Design Modeling of Factors Affecting the Migration of Sports Elites in Iran 132 158 8674 10.22124/jsmd.2023.23139.2734 FA Javad Mostafaei Ph.D Student of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran Farzam Farzan Associate Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran Akbar Aliverdinia Professor of Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran 0000-0003-0512-7839 Journal Article 2022 11 11 Objective: The purpose of this study was to design a modeling of factors affecting the migration sports elites in Iran. Methodology: This research aims to be developmental-applicative, and in terms of nature, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) with a combined exploratory-sequential design. The target community of the research was experts who were aware of the research topic. In order to conduct in-depth interviews and collect qualitative data from the targeted snowball technique until the theoretical saturation stage, 17 people were selected as a sample and to complete the researcher-made questionnaires in quantitative section, a sample of 5 people was suggested. Using the thematic analysis method based on the model of Braun and Clark (2006), the effective factors on the migration of sport selites were identified and then modeling was done structural-interpretive analysis (ISM) use. Results: 148 primary concepts were identified in the form of 30 sub-themes and 13 main themes and two general dimensions of repulsive factors and attractive factors affecting the migration of sports elites. These factors are in the sixlevels of the structural-interpretive model consisting of the inefficient management system factor in the sixthlevel, political instability and defective economic structure in the fifthlevel, the foresight of the elites in the fourthlevel, factors The development of life dimensions, financial attractions of the destination country and role modeling in the thirdlevel, media power factors, inappropriate location of the country of origin, limited beliefs and thoughts, incorrect selection process and sports development in the second level and the migration acceptability factor of the inappropriate location of the country in the level It was the first. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, Inefficient management with restrictive thinking and unknown strategies, defective economy and the country's chaotic political situation are among the important factors of the tendency to migrate among sports elites in Iran. Objective: The purpose of this study was to design a modeling of factors affecting the migration sports elites in Iran. Methodology: This research aims to be developmental-applicative, and in terms of nature, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) with a combined exploratory-sequential design. The target community of the research was experts who were aware of the research topic. In order to conduct in-depth interviews and collect qualitative data from the targeted snowball technique until the theoretical saturation stage, 17 people were selected as a sample and to complete the researcher-made questionnaires in quantitative section, a sample of 5 people was suggested. Using the thematic analysis method based on the model of Braun and Clark (2006), the effective factors on the migration of sport selites were identified and then modeling was done structural-interpretive analysis (ISM) use. Results: 148 primary concepts were identified in the form of 30 sub-themes and 13 main themes and two general dimensions of repulsive factors and attractive factors affecting the migration of sports elites. These factors are in the sixlevels of the structural-interpretive model consisting of the inefficient management system factor in the sixthlevel, political instability and defective economic structure in the fifthlevel, the foresight of the elites in the fourthlevel, factors The development of life dimensions, financial attractions of the destination country and role modeling in the thirdlevel, media power factors, inappropriate location of the country of origin, limited beliefs and thoughts, incorrect selection process and sports development in the second level and the migration acceptability factor of the inappropriate location of the country in the level It was the first. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, Inefficient management with restrictive thinking and unknown strategies, defective economy and the country's chaotic political situation are among the important factors of the tendency to migrate among sports elites in Iran.

https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_8674_34ac9ecd390466c2af1b39440e945e93.pdf

University of Guilan Journal of Sport Management and Development 2322-4800 13 4 2025 02 19 Presenting the Commercialization Model of Iran's Football Industry Based on Sustainable Development and Performance Presenting the Commercialization Model of Iran's Football Industry Based on Sustainable Development and Performance 159 184 8675 10.22124/jsmd.2022.22089.2691 FA Javad Moradi Assistant professor, Department of Physical education and Sport Sciences, ShK.C. Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Kord, Iran Rasool Nazari Associate Professor of Sport Management, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2022 04 08 Objective: The purpose of this study was to present the commercialization model of Iran's football industry based on sustainable development and performance. Methodology: Due to the exploratory nature of the research, the qualitative research method was used to present a model related to the research topic. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 experts. According to the Charmaz Foundation data method, the research sample was selected as a combination of theoretical sampling and snowball sampling. Results: The results showed that the Iranian football industry does not have a sustainable performance in the two income and sports sectors due to severe weakness in profitability and commerciality. According to the research results, these factors and factors are at three structural levels including (macroeconomic, microeconomic, ownership and investment) which are rooted in macro-structures of the economic, legal and managerial structural structure, Contextual (policy-making, planning, and management, which indicate factors that provide the basis for appropriate and profitable activities of economic enterprises in the sports and football industries) and institutional (sports, income, infrastructure, management, which requires defining and creating changes in strategic and operational planning in the country's football industry institutions) can be examined. Conclusion: For effective commercialization based on development and sustainable performance in both sports and revenue sectors, appropriate measures must be taken, requirements must be met, and considerations of the model presented in this study must be taken into account, which will provide the basis for the profitability of clubs and subsequently. Objective: The purpose of this study was to present the commercialization model of Iran's football industry based on sustainable development and performance. Methodology: Due to the exploratory nature of the research, the qualitative research method was used to present a model related to the research topic. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 experts. According to the Charmaz Foundation data method, the research sample was selected as a combination of theoretical sampling and snowball sampling. Results: The results showed that the Iranian football industry does not have a sustainable performance in the two income and sports sectors due to severe weakness in profitability and commerciality. According to the research results, these factors and factors are at three structural levels including (macroeconomic, microeconomic, ownership and investment) which are rooted in macro-structures of the economic, legal and managerial structural structure, Contextual (policy-making, planning, and management, which indicate factors that provide the basis for appropriate and profitable activities of economic enterprises in the sports and football industries) and institutional (sports, income, infrastructure, management, which requires defining and creating changes in strategic and operational planning in the country's football industry institutions) can be examined. Conclusion: For effective commercialization based on development and sustainable performance in both sports and revenue sectors, appropriate measures must be taken, requirements must be met, and considerations of the model presented in this study must be taken into account, which will provide the basis for the profitability of clubs and subsequently.

https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_8675_2dc7beb986c456a5a28b4d0a3b3ab305.pdf

University of Guilan Journal of Sport Management and Development 2322-4800 13 4 2025 02 19 Presenting a Simulation Model for Sports Tourism Development in Ardabil Province, Iran Presenting a Simulation Model for Sports Tourism Development in Ardabil Province, Iran 185 211 8676 10.22124/jsmd.2023.24162.2789 FA Ghasem Zarei Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran SeyedAli Naghavi Ph.D. student, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Journal Article 2023 03 21 Objective: The present study aimed to develop a simulation model for Sports Tourism Development (STD) in Ardabil Province, Iran. Methodology: Utilizing a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) research design, this applied study with a descriptive-analytical approach was performed on theoretical and experimental experts (n=18) as the statistical population, selected via non-probability, purposive sampling. For this purpose, interviews and questionnaires were employed as the data collection tools. During the qualitative phase, the main categories (themes) and sub-categories (sub-themes) of STD in Ardabil Province, Iran, were initially identified based on thematic analysis. Then, in the quantitative phase, the effective factors were prioritized by the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). At last, the given factors acquired from the qualitative analysis were simulated with reference to System Dynamics (SD) and Agent-Based Modeling (ABM). The data analysis was also performed using MAXQDA 20 in the qualitative phase, Microsoft Excel, AnyLogic and Vensim in the quantitative one. Results: The study results reduced to 62 initial codes, 13 sub-categories, 6 main categories (i.e., infrastructural, economic, macro-policies of sports tourism, marketing, sports, and human resources). In this sense, the infrastructural factor was in the first priority as the most effective one. Besides, the simulation output demonstrated that the proposed model could adequately estimate the future of STD in Ardabil Province, Iran. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it is desirable for the managers of Ardabil province to pay special attention to the identified effective factors for the development of sports tourism. Objective: The present study aimed to develop a simulation model for Sports Tourism Development (STD) in Ardabil Province, Iran. Methodology: Utilizing a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) research design, this applied study with a descriptive-analytical approach was performed on theoretical and experimental experts (n=18) as the statistical population, selected via non-probability, purposive sampling. For this purpose, interviews and questionnaires were employed as the data collection tools. During the qualitative phase, the main categories (themes) and sub-categories (sub-themes) of STD in Ardabil Province, Iran, were initially identified based on thematic analysis. Then, in the quantitative phase, the effective factors were prioritized by the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). At last, the given factors acquired from the qualitative analysis were simulated with reference to System Dynamics (SD) and Agent-Based Modeling (ABM). The data analysis was also performed using MAXQDA 20 in the qualitative phase, Microsoft Excel, AnyLogic and Vensim in the quantitative one. Results: The study results reduced to 62 initial codes, 13 sub-categories, 6 main categories (i.e., infrastructural, economic, macro-policies of sports tourism, marketing, sports, and human resources). In this sense, the infrastructural factor was in the first priority as the most effective one. Besides, the simulation output demonstrated that the proposed model could adequately estimate the future of STD in Ardabil Province, Iran. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it is desirable for the managers of Ardabil province to pay special attention to the identified effective factors for the development of sports tourism.

https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_8676_b0eec87e8b53695ab32bbb91952cd389.pdf

University of Guilan Journal of Sport Management and Development 2322-4800 13 4 2025 02 19 Designing a Model of Economic Diplomacy in Iranian sports Designing a Model of Economic Diplomacy in Iranian sports 212 236 8677 10.22124/jsmd.2023.23448.2752 FA Behnam Naghipour Givi Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Department of Sociology and Sport Psychology, Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran, Iran (SSRI) Zohre Khosravi Pour PhD student in Sport Management, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran Maziyar Kalashi Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Department of Sport Management and Media, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 30 Objective: The purpose of this study was to design and propose a conceptual framework of economic diplomacy indicators in Iranian sports. Methodology: This research was applied in terms of purpose and conducted using a qualitative research method based on thematic analysis. The statistical population consisted of experts (professors, specialists, and professionals in sports economics and management) in the field of sports economics, who were selected through theoretical sampling and theoretical saturation (including 16 individuals). Interviews were conducted with them. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was reviewed and confirmed by the interviewees and then by specialized professors. To assess reliability, the intra-subject agreement method was used, which yielded a reliability value of 0.83. Results: Based on the analysis of the thematic content, various factors have an impact on the formation of Iran's sports economic diplomacy. These factors were classified into 4 main categories. The categories include: economic foundation, economic movements, international politics and economic interactions. Conclusion: The findings of this research can fill the void related to the lack of identification of indicators of economic diplomacy in Iranian sports and provide a common definition of the concept of economic diplomacy in sports both in the academic and executive fields. Objective: The purpose of this study was to design and propose a conceptual framework of economic diplomacy indicators in Iranian sports. Methodology: This research was applied in terms of purpose and conducted using a qualitative research method based on thematic analysis. The statistical population consisted of experts (professors, specialists, and professionals in sports economics and management) in the field of sports economics, who were selected through theoretical sampling and theoretical saturation (including 16 individuals). Interviews were conducted with them. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was reviewed and confirmed by the interviewees and then by specialized professors. To assess reliability, the intra-subject agreement method was used, which yielded a reliability value of 0.83. Results: Based on the analysis of the thematic content, various factors have an impact on the formation of Iran's sports economic diplomacy. These factors were classified into 4 main categories. The categories include: economic foundation, economic movements, international politics and economic interactions. Conclusion: The findings of this research can fill the void related to the lack of identification of indicators of economic diplomacy in Iranian sports and provide a common definition of the concept of economic diplomacy in sports both in the academic and executive fields.

https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_8677_defbe1dc3aa99c9e01de1468e46866af.pdf

University of Guilan Journal of Sport Management and Development 2322-4800 13 4 2025 02 19 Identify the Factors Affecting the Use of Health Roads to Spend Leisure Identify the Factors Affecting the Use of Health Roads to Spend Leisure 237 256 8678 10.22124/jsmd.2024.21906.2677 FA Mahboobeh Rouzbahani Asistant Professor of sport management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Fateh Farazyani Asistant Professor of sport management, Payame Noor University, Kermanshah, Iran Heidar Hosseini Asistant Professor of sport management, Payame Noor University, Yazd, Iran Zeinab Dohoii Master of Leisure Management, Payame Noor University, Garmsar, Iran Journal Article 2022 03 06 Objective: The goal of this study was to identify the factors affecting the use of health roads for leisure based on grounded theory approach. Methodology: The method of the present research was descriptive and in terms of data collection method was qualitative with the foundation data approach. The statistical population included all the sports managers of the municipality and the Department of Sports and Youth of Babak city of Kerman, whose number is more than 30. Snowball sampling continued up to 15 people when the research reached theoretical saturation. A semi-structured interview was used as the research tool. The validity of the research instrument was assessed and confirmed through reliability, verifiability, trustworthiness and transferability and its reliability by P-Scott coefficient method. Data analysis was conducted using Strauss-Corbin systematic coding (open, axial and selective coding). Results: The findings indicated that the best solution based on the research’s Grounded theory model, includes seven factors across three conditions: causal, intervening and contextual, along with 37 related components. these factors encompass women’s sports, social aspects, sports environment, behavioral recommendations, awareness-raising and motivational factors. Conclusion: The results showed that increasing the use of health roads for leisure requires improving infrastructure, effective advertising, raising public awareness, and providing financial and non-financial incentives. It is recommended that policymakers and urban managers enhance service quality and implement targeted planning to increase public participation. Objective: The goal of this study was to identify the factors affecting the use of health roads for leisure based on grounded theory approach. Methodology: The method of the present research was descriptive and in terms of data collection method was qualitative with the foundation data approach. The statistical population included all the sports managers of the municipality and the Department of Sports and Youth of Babak city of Kerman, whose number is more than 30. Snowball sampling continued up to 15 people when the research reached theoretical saturation. A semi-structured interview was used as the research tool. The validity of the research instrument was assessed and confirmed through reliability, verifiability, trustworthiness and transferability and its reliability by P-Scott coefficient method. Data analysis was conducted using Strauss-Corbin systematic coding (open, axial and selective coding). Results: The findings indicated that the best solution based on the research’s Grounded theory model, includes seven factors across three conditions: causal, intervening and contextual, along with 37 related components. these factors encompass women’s sports, social aspects, sports environment, behavioral recommendations, awareness-raising and motivational factors. Conclusion: The results showed that increasing the use of health roads for leisure requires improving infrastructure, effective advertising, raising public awareness, and providing financial and non-financial incentives. It is recommended that policymakers and urban managers enhance service quality and implement targeted planning to increase public participation.

https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_8678_d73dd186c3a6a6640f69696ab28b35df.pdf