University of Guilan Journal of Sport Management and Development 2322-4800 15 4 2026 12 22 Designing an Identity and Historical Model for Indigenous, National, and Ritual Sports Designing an Identity and Historical Model for Indigenous, National, and Ritual Sports 91 108 8515 10.22124/jsmd.2024.25510.2836 FA Syedeh Tahereh Azimzadeh PhD student in Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran Morteza Dousti Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran Seyed Mohhamad Hosein Razavi Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran Masoume Kalateh Seifari Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran Journal Article 2023 09 13 <strong>Objective</strong><strong>:</strong> The purpose of this research was to design the historical and identity model of indigenous, national and ritual sports.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong> The current research method was qualitative and exploratory. The statistical population included local native sports specialists with a university teaching experience or active in the field of public sports, experts and officials of sports, policy makers and sports consultants. The sampling method was non-probability sampling, with targeted selection and maximum diversity or heterogeneity. Using the theoretical saturation method, the sample size was equal to 25 people. The data collection tool was an open interview and was analyzed based on three stages of open, central and selective coding. In the current research, the criteria of long-term engagement, stable observation, re-inspection of the path of information acquisition, checking, triangulation, and continuous comparison were used to measure validity.To calculate the reliability, the within-subject agreement method was used, and the reliability between the coders for the interviews conducted in this study was equal to 88%.<br /><strong>Results</strong><strong>:</strong> Based on the findings, causal factors include religious identity and social identity; Background factors including infrastructure and planning; Intervening factors including participation and support; The central phenomenon including identification in ritual and national sports; Strategies include executive and structural; Consequences included social and cultural functions.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This research was conducted with a qualitative approach to identify the identity and historical concepts of native, national and ritual sports and presented a model to explain the identity and historical pattern of native and ritual sports in the form of a theory through which native and ritual sports can be explained well. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to social and cultural principles in order to improve the historical and identity components of native, local and ritual sports and to provide the necessary platforms for identifying and transferring culture. <strong>Objective</strong><strong>:</strong> The purpose of this research was to design the historical and identity model of indigenous, national and ritual sports.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong> The current research method was qualitative and exploratory. The statistical population included local native sports specialists with a university teaching experience or active in the field of public sports, experts and officials of sports, policy makers and sports consultants. The sampling method was non-probability sampling, with targeted selection and maximum diversity or heterogeneity. Using the theoretical saturation method, the sample size was equal to 25 people. The data collection tool was an open interview and was analyzed based on three stages of open, central and selective coding. In the current research, the criteria of long-term engagement, stable observation, re-inspection of the path of information acquisition, checking, triangulation, and continuous comparison were used to measure validity.To calculate the reliability, the within-subject agreement method was used, and the reliability between the coders for the interviews conducted in this study was equal to 88%.<br /><strong>Results</strong><strong>:</strong> Based on the findings, causal factors include religious identity and social identity; Background factors including infrastructure and planning; Intervening factors including participation and support; The central phenomenon including identification in ritual and national sports; Strategies include executive and structural; Consequences included social and cultural functions.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This research was conducted with a qualitative approach to identify the identity and historical concepts of native, national and ritual sports and presented a model to explain the identity and historical pattern of native and ritual sports in the form of a theory through which native and ritual sports can be explained well. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to social and cultural principles in order to improve the historical and identity components of native, local and ritual sports and to provide the necessary platforms for identifying and transferring culture. https://jsmd.guilan.ac.ir/article_8515_a7890004d6db616457154f4c8996d571.pdf