Sport Management and Development
Masomeh Bagiasa; Masoud Naderian
Abstract
Objective: The main objective of this research was to examine the extent to which sports clubs adhere to ethical behaviors in executing financial contracts with football players.Methodology: The statistical population comprised all football players active in the Iran Premier League in 2021, from which ...
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Objective: The main objective of this research was to examine the extent to which sports clubs adhere to ethical behaviors in executing financial contracts with football players.Methodology: The statistical population comprised all football players active in the Iran Premier League in 2021, from which 126 individuals from 16 participating teams voluntarily completed the research questionnaire. Through a review of the literature and the results of relevant legal sources, 87 domestic sources and 36 foreign sources related to financial contracts in the sports domain were analyzed, leading to the identification of 21 indicators for sports contracts with football players. These indicators were categorized into six dimensions: fair treatment, honesty, fulfillment of promises, appropriate interactions, contract termination, and avoidance of exploitation.Results: The results indicated that three behaviors appropriate treatment of players, avoidance of exploitation, and contract termination are adhered to at a moderate level, while honesty, fulfillment of promises, and avoidance of deception are maintained at a level below average.Conclusion: To foster ethical behaviors within football clubs, it is essential to prioritize transparency in financial contracts, honesty in interactions, and the avoidance of deception. Furthermore, the formulation of updated, comprehensive, and context-appropriate regulations for football, along with diligent monitoring of contract fulfillment and adherence to the clubs' code of ethics, is necessary.
Hossein Pour Sultani; MohammadAli Ghareh
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of Moral Decision-making Questionnaire in Sport. Methodology: The statistical population of this study was the athletes in the Iran out of which 262 questionnaires were collected. Measurement Instrument was a questionnaire ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of Moral Decision-making Questionnaire in Sport. Methodology: The statistical population of this study was the athletes in the Iran out of which 262 questionnaires were collected. Measurement Instrument was a questionnaire of 20-item used Moral Decision-making (Martin et al, 2007) with three subscales (Acceptance of Cheating, Keeping Winning in Proportion, Acceptance of Gamesmanship). Validity of questionnaire was accepted after translation by professors sport management specialists. Statistical methods were descriptive indexes for describing data, Cronbach`s alpha for determining validity, analysis of an accepting factor to determine the structures validity was used. Results: Analytical results showed (α=0.78) reliability for Moral Decision-making questionnaire. All questions had a significant relationship with their agent in reliability of Structure, the amount of relationship and T-value, and they could be a good predictor for their agent. X2/df=3.26, RMSEA=0.064 indexes and NFI=0.90, CFI=0.90 and GFI=0.94 also confirmed the goodness of models. Also, the results about the relations of factors with the meaning of Moral Decision-making showed that all factors could be a good predictor for the concept of Moral Decision-making. Conclusion: Questionnaire ethical decision making reliable and valid measure that can be used to evaluate ethical decision-making in the field of sports and reliable and consistent results are achieved.
