Sport Governance and Policy-Making
Maryam Besharatimoghadam; Rahim Ramzaninejad; Mohammad Mahdi Rahmati
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research was to explain the legitimizing functions of sport in the health domain.Methodology: The present study was conducted using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis. Required data were collected through a systematic search in reputable scientific databases and analyzed ...
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Objective: The aim of this research was to explain the legitimizing functions of sport in the health domain.Methodology: The present study was conducted using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis. Required data were collected through a systematic search in reputable scientific databases and analyzed in six stages (including familiarization with data, identification of keywords, coding, theme development, conceptualization, and developing a conceptual model). The validity and reliability of the research were confirmed through expert review in the field and using Cohen's Kappa coefficient (0.7).Results: The findings were organized into 9 main themes, indicating that the legitimizing functions of sport in the health domain are a complex construct of multiple factors. These themes were: Health as a socio-cultural construct; Healthy lifestyle through physical activity; Health in institutional contexts (education and leisure); Self-care and transcendence through sport; The medicalization of sport (with its legitimizing aspects and ethical challenges); Social and cultural dimensions of injury and pain; Physical activity as a health governance project; Sport and health as ideology; and Individual and social dimensions of health management.Conclusion: The legitimacy of sport in the health domain is a dual and multifaceted phenomenon. On the one hand, this legitimacy is reinforced through institutionalization, medical discourse, and health policymaking, transforming sport into an empowering tool for promoting individual and social health. On the other hand, this very process can become a mechanism for exerting social control, imposing cultural norms, reproducing inequalities, and creating ethical conflicts.
Social Issues in Sport Management
Ali Jamshidi; Amin Khatibi; Seyed Hossein Marashian; Esmaeil Veisia
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the factors affecting transgender people’s participation in physical activities and the consequences of such participation.
Methodology: This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and using thematic analysis method. In order to collect data, in-depth ...
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Objective: This study aimed to explore the factors affecting transgender people’s participation in physical activities and the consequences of such participation.
Methodology: This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and using thematic analysis method. In order to collect data, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experts in sport management and social sciences. Thematic analysis method of Braun & Clarke (2006) and MAXQDA software were used to analyze the data, and 218 initial statements were obtained.
Results: In the section of factors influencing the sports activities of transgender people, eight main themes were identified, the most important of which were security concerns and privacy, cultural and social restrictions, and the role of family and their support. The consequences section had five main themes: improved mental and physical health, positive social development and interactions, enhanced gender identity and self-recognition, post-participation psychological challenges and pressures, and new social and employment opportunities. The study's findings showed that various individual and structural factors affect transgender individuals' participation in sports. This involvement can also have a positive impact on the quality of life, gender identity, and social development of this group.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that sports are a key tool for improving the quality of life for transgender individuals, but achieving this requires macro-level planning, policy reform, and the creation of safe and inclusive environments in society.
Sport Development and Sustainable Development
Ehsan Tatari; Mehdi Khatibzade; Farid Pakzad hasanloo; Rasool Norouzi Seyed Hoseini
Abstract
Methodology: The research was quasi-experimental, using experimental and control groups to measure behavioral outcomes. A 6-month social marketing campaign, titled "Elementary Energizers: Move, Play, Shine!", was implemented in the experimental group included attractive posters, short motivational animations, ...
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Methodology: The research was quasi-experimental, using experimental and control groups to measure behavioral outcomes. A 6-month social marketing campaign, titled "Elementary Energizers: Move, Play, Shine!", was implemented in the experimental group included attractive posters, short motivational animations, family sports festivals, an app design to record students' activities, group incentives and rewards for active students, healthy competition among classes, and various engaging events such as health celebrations and active recreation. Data collection tools included the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (PAQ-C), a researcher-made motor behavior checklist and a satisfaction assessment questionnaire.Results: Statistical analysis showed the experimental group had a significant increase in physical activity scores compared to the control group (p=0.014). A paired t-test showed significant icrease in physical activity in the experimental group (p=0.003). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) confirmed that the intervention group had a significant effect on post-test scores after controlling pre-test scores.Conclusion: The results showed social marketing campaigns can be effective in promoting healthy behaviors, including physical activity of children and adolescents. Parental involvement in the design and implementation of these campaigns played a key role in their success.
Zahra Mohammadi; Sara Keshkar; Habib Honari; Gholamali Karegar
Abstract
Objective: The global trend of population aging presents numerous challenges for countries. One such challenge is age discrimination. This study aims to provide a model for managing age discrimination against older adults in sports.Methodology: This study was qualitative and fundamental in purpose. It ...
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Objective: The global trend of population aging presents numerous challenges for countries. One such challenge is age discrimination. This study aims to provide a model for managing age discrimination against older adults in sports.Methodology: This study was qualitative and fundamental in purpose. It was conducted using the grounded theory method based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (1997). The population consisted of selected older adults and specialists in sports management and physical education, cultural sociology, gerontology, and psychology. Purposive and theoretical sampling resulted in 20 interviews that achieved theoretical saturation.Results: By analyzing the interviews, initially conceptual propositions and then open codes and axial codes were formulated in the context of six dimensions that include causal factors (7), contextual factors (4), intervening factors (5), strategies (4), outcomes (4), and the central category that forms the final model.Conclusion: Implementing an anti-discrimination model in sports can enhance the conditions and opportunities for older adults and other age groups. This model includes policy approaches, encouragement and support, awareness raising, and organizational culture development. Furthermore, with appropriate policymaking, creating discrimination-free sports environments will be achievable, contributing to social justice and improving the quality of life for older adults.
Rezgar Pourmarouf; Ali Afrouzeh
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to examine the level of participation of esports players in physical activities and identify the factors influencing their behaviors and intentions toward engaging in such activities.Methodology: This applied research follows a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical ...
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Objective: This study aims to examine the level of participation of esports players in physical activities and identify the factors influencing their behaviors and intentions toward engaging in such activities.Methodology: This applied research follows a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population consisted of Generation Z gamers (born between 1994 and 2009) who actively participated in esports, either professionally or recreationally, with at least one year of relevant experience in the field. Participants were selected through convenience sampling from gaming platforms, online communities, esports clubs, and other related groups. The sample size of 408 individuals was determined using Cochran's formula. Data collection tools included two standardized questionnaires: the Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire (measuring attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention) and the Perceived Usefulness and Enjoyment Questionnaire (assessing users' perceptions of the value and enjoyable experiences derived from physical activity), along with a researcher-developed questionnaire on physical activity participation. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with PLS4 software.Results: The results indicated that perceived behavioral control and subjective norms had a positive and significant impact on the intention of esports players to participate in physical activities. Moreover, a positive attitude toward physical activities, particularly when combined with perceived enjoyment and usefulness, played a critical role in strengthening their behavioral intentions.Conclusion: The findings indicated that enhancing esports players' participation in physical activities requires addressing psychological factors such as perceived behavioral control, positive attitudes, and social norms. Policymakers in sports and health sectors can design culturally relevant and intergenerational awareness campaigns that emphasize the enjoyment and benefits of physical activities to foster positive attitudes. Additionally, creating opportunities aligned with the interests and lifestyles of this group can facilitate greater participation in physical activity programs, contributing to improved physical and social health.
amirhesam rahimi; Ahmadali Asefi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to define the essential steps of institutionalizing leisure time physical activity.Methodology: The research method was mixed in exploratory type that was performed in two parts of qualitative and quantitative and field method. The statistical population in ...
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Objective: The purpose of this research was to define the essential steps of institutionalizing leisure time physical activity.Methodology: The research method was mixed in exploratory type that was performed in two parts of qualitative and quantitative and field method. The statistical population in the qualitative and quantitative parts were all the people who had continuous physical activity for 5 years. The interview was conducted with 16 people in a targeted manner and by snowball method until theoretical saturation was achieved in the qualitative section. According to Morgan table, 384 people were selected to perform the quantitative part which were available as sample. The research tool was interview in the qualitative part of the interview and the questionnaire of the interview in the quantitative part; their validity and reliability were examined.Results: The findings of this research showed that the feeling of need is a essential step that for shaping this step, seven factors were defined.Conclusion: The results of this research shows that persons which the leisure time physical activity is institutionalized in them, believe that the feeling of need to pleasure, healthiness, enjoyment, success, making connection with others, being along peer group is an essential element in doing this behavior continuously. Therefore, by creating favorable conditions and helping individuals to understand physical and mental needs, we provide the opportunity for individuals to step on the path of physical activity and ultimately help the institutionalization of leisure time activity in individuals and society.
Mehraban Parsa; MohammadReza Niknejad; sayed puya Rasulinejad
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and social health of Talesh citizens. Methodology:In this study, were selected 380 residents of the Talesh city using cluster sampling with PPS (Probability Proportional to Size). Data collection instrument included ...
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and social health of Talesh citizens. Methodology:In this study, were selected 380 residents of the Talesh city using cluster sampling with PPS (Probability Proportional to Size). Data collection instrument included Physical Activity Scale for the healthy lifestyle and Keyes’s social health (1998). The content and face validity of the instrument was approved and Cronbach's alpha’s value is 0.75 which is desirable. Results: Findings showed that the men’s social health mean score (M=38.08) diffiered significantly from women’s (M=36.58).The married people’s social health mean score (37.53) was also higher than the single’s (M=37.35). Furthermore, the men’s physical activity mean score (M=9.37, SD=2.101) diffiered significantly from women’s (M=8.86, SD=1.855). There was significant relationship between physical activity and social health as well as its dimensions so the more physical activity is the higher social health and the dimensions are. Conclusion: According to the results, it is claimed that the promotion, enrichment and development of physical activity lead to the more social health and finally the population of the society is healthy and normal.
