Mohammad Sadegh Afroozeh
Abstract
Objective: Professional sport with a market-oriented approach, in addition to social benefits, has sometimes exploited athletes in some aspects. The purpose of this study was to identify Manifestations of exploitation of athletes by clubs and the general atmosphere of professional sports.Methodology: ...
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Objective: Professional sport with a market-oriented approach, in addition to social benefits, has sometimes exploited athletes in some aspects. The purpose of this study was to identify Manifestations of exploitation of athletes by clubs and the general atmosphere of professional sports.Methodology: This research was conducted qualitatively. Sampling was purposive and 12 athletes, experts and manager were selected as participants and data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews.Results: The results showed Manifestations of sports exploitation in eight cases including physical exploitation (physical injuries, exercise health, body destruction), emotional exploitation (family rejection, social humiliation), identity exploitation (gender discrimination, ethnic-religious discrimination), social exploitation (media orientation). Expectations, social role distortion, confusion), economic exploitation (contracts, pensions, salaries), cultural exploitation (lifestyle media war), exploitation of human property (instrumental view, tools of war) and educational exploitation (behavioral violence, verbal violence, Psychological violence).Conclusion: However, the existence of local cultures, the influence of liberal ideas of sports colleagues and finally the athlete's lack of awareness of the course of his professional life has sometimes led to the exploitation of the athlete's life in various dimensions
Seyed Hasan Harati; Farideh Ashrafi Ganjouei; Abdoreza Amirtash; Zinat Nikaeen
Abstract
Objective: As the security of holding volleyball matches is very important, the purpose of this study was to design a model for enhancement of the security of Iranian volleyball halls.
Methodology: The present study was a descriptive-exploratory study that 115 people from Iranian volleyball halls managers ...
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Objective: As the security of holding volleyball matches is very important, the purpose of this study was to design a model for enhancement of the security of Iranian volleyball halls.
Methodology: The present study was a descriptive-exploratory study that 115 people from Iranian volleyball halls managers and authorities, heads and experts of volleyball associations of provinces, as well as university professors who were expert in the field of sport events and facility, and violence and aggression, responded modified stadium security questionnaire (Faraji, 2014). The collected data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
Results: The results showed that the Iranian volleyball halls’ security stand on around four principal areas including match planning and management, physical protection of stadium, infrastructure and personnel respectively with 0.94, 0.84, 0.84 and 0.83 factor loadings. Also, the technology has the most factor loading (0.89) for the infrastructure, the toxic and chemical control of stadium has the most factor loading (0.91) for the physical protection, training and practice has the most factor loading (0.85) for personnel and staff, and finally, the risk and crisis management has the most factor loading (0.87) for match management and planning.
Conclusion: According to the results, the development of security in Iran's volleyball halls depends on proper management and planning. For this reason, paying attention to the operational concepts of risk and crisis management, communication and interactions management, quality of match day services and cultural activities are necessary requirements in the field of security of Iranian volleyball halls.
