Innovation and Technology in Sport
SeyedReza Hosseini; Amin Khatibi; Tahereh Azmsha
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the attitudes of fans and referees toward the implementation of the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) in the Iranian Football Pro League.
Methodology: This study was applied in terms of its purpose and employed a descriptive-survey design for data collection. The statistical ...
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Objective: This study aimed to analyze the attitudes of fans and referees toward the implementation of the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) in the Iranian Football Pro League.
Methodology: This study was applied in terms of its purpose and employed a descriptive-survey design for data collection. The statistical population comprised two groups: the fan group included all supporters of Iranian Pro League teams during the 2023–2024 season, aged 11 to 58 years; the referee group comprised all referees certified by the Football Federation, aged 18 to 63 years. Using random sampling, 224 fans and 121 referees were selected to complete the questionnaire. The research questionnaire was developed based on the findings of previous studies and, following the confirmation of face and content validity by experts and reliability through Cronbach’s alpha test (α=0.738), was distributed electronically among the research population. After examining the data distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were applied for data analysis, using SPSS software.
Results: The overall mean attitude of fans toward the use of VAR was significantly more favorable than that of referees (P<0.05). This difference in attitude was more pronounced in two factors: match quality and attractiveness, and the future prospects of the VAR system.
Conclusion: In general, it can be stated that although both groups hold a positive attitude toward the use of VAR, fans possess a more favorable perspective on this technology. One possible reason for the referees’ lower level of enthusiasm may be the loss of control and decisiveness in decision-making, as they are sometimes compelled to reverse their initial on-field call. Factors contributing to the greater interest among fans include the inherent suspense in the review process and its unpredictability, which can instantly alter the outcome of a match.
Hamzeh Amin-Tahmasbi; hossein nasirzadeh
Abstract
Objective: the purpose of this study was to weigh and rank the indices involved in the success of the Iranian Premier League and then ranking the 16 Premier League clubs based on AFC indices and requirements.Methodology: Research data was collected from coaches with a degree in coaching. In order to ...
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Objective: the purpose of this study was to weigh and rank the indices involved in the success of the Iranian Premier League and then ranking the 16 Premier League clubs based on AFC indices and requirements.Methodology: Research data was collected from coaches with a degree in coaching. In order to analyze the data, two methods of multi-criteria decision making techniques (MCDM) called ANP and VIKOR were used in fuzzy conditions. Finally To analyze the sensitivity of the results, the ranking of the research, based on the prediction and opinion of the experts from the clubs in the Premier League in the 96-95 season, was compared with the actual ranking of the clubs at the end of the season.Results: The results indicated that the first three teams from the research rankings were exactly those who ranked first to third at the end of the season. This demonstrates the high reliability of the results of the research.Conclusion: The result of weighting the criteria indicated that according to experts, the criterion of adolescent growth and development is the most important criterion in the progress and success of the clubs in the country. Therefore, it is suggested that they pay more attention to this issue and invest more in raising the base team.
