Vajiheh Javani; Gholamreza mirzamohamadi
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the lived experience of fans regarding violence in Iranian football stadiums.Methodology: This research is a qualitative study, applied in terms of purpose, and was conducted using Smith et al.'s interpretative phenomenological analysis method. The ...
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Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the lived experience of fans regarding violence in Iranian football stadiums.Methodology: This research is a qualitative study, applied in terms of purpose, and was conducted using Smith et al.'s interpretative phenomenological analysis method. The research population includes all fans who have experienced football violence through watching football in stadiums. In this study, purposive sampling was conducted among fans of Persepolis, Esteghlal, Sepahan, Tractor, Nassaji Mazandaran, and Foolad Khuzestan clubs, considering the research objective. Using purposive sampling, 70 fans and experts were selected until information saturation was reached, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were used for data collection.Results: Based on the analysis of qualitative data obtained from interviews with fans of clubs present in the Iranian Premier League on studying fans' lived experience of violence in football stadiums, a total of 55 themes,14 sub-themes, and 4 main themes were extracted and categorized.Conclusion: The results indicated that the lived experience of fans regarding violence in Iranian football stadiums consisted of themes including factors intensifying violence, the origin of violence, types of violence, and factors reducing violence. By applying the accumulated experience of fans in confronting violence, it is possible, as necessary, to use all resources and determine appropriate preventive policies centered on avoiding violence and highlighting the role of fair play through mass media, to reduce or eliminate this deadly social phenomenon.
Fershteh Aghajani; Vajiheh Javani; Yaghub Badriazarin
Abstract
Objective: Football, which is the most popular sport in all parts of the globe, has in recent years become a hotbed of people who have created racist environments and chanted ethnic slogans, causing divisions among spectators, a phenomenon that can also be seen in Iranian football in the form of Ethnocentrism. ...
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Objective: Football, which is the most popular sport in all parts of the globe, has in recent years become a hotbed of people who have created racist environments and chanted ethnic slogans, causing divisions among spectators, a phenomenon that can also be seen in Iranian football in the form of Ethnocentrism. Therefore, this study aimed to explore ethnocentrism among Iranian football fans.Methodology: The research method is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. To conduct this research, Iranian football fans from Turkish, Persian, and Arab ethnicities were interviewed. The sampling method was the criterion and continued until the theoretical saturation was reached.Results: According to the findings of the study, the phenomenon of ethnocentrism among Iranian football fans is a combination of the two main themes of reactive and inadvertent ethnicity and action and intentional ethnicity. Conclusion: The theme of reactive and inadvertent ethnicity represents reactive behaviors; In other words, people react to the events in the society and show their dissatisfaction in sports fields with ethnic slogans, but in the context of action and intentional ethnicity, it indicates the use of stadiums by people to propagate their political ideas. According to the obtained results, it is suggested to face the negative and positive aspects of this phenomenon in football stadiums so as not to cause destructive anomalies in society and destroy the image of Iranian football.
Farzaneh Hoseini; morteza dousti; saeid tabesh
Abstract
Objective: The overall purpose of the present study is to estimate the economic value of Tehran Esteghlal Football Club based on the amount of fan support in Iran.Methodology: The present study is a descriptive-analytic one that is a part of applied research in terms of purpose. The statistical population, ...
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Objective: The overall purpose of the present study is to estimate the economic value of Tehran Esteghlal Football Club based on the amount of fan support in Iran.Methodology: The present study is a descriptive-analytic one that is a part of applied research in terms of purpose. The statistical population, Esteghlal's club supporters across Iran, and the sample size were 393 according to the table of Michel and Carson. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed to determine the willingness to pay fans of Tehran Independence Football Club nationwide for the goods and benefits produced by the club and the factors affecting their willingness to pay. Ranked probit model was used for data analysis.Results: The results show that 85.3% of the fans are willing to participate in the funding for the presence of the independence team at competitive levels and the tendency of paying for the football club to attend and win the Premier League is 77.2% and 79.2%, respectively, Cup championship and AFC Champions League matches were 78.2 percent and 84 percent, respectively, Tickets for the Independence Football Stadium from 93.9% stadium viewing and the club's product purchases are 43.1 percentConclusion: The willingness to pay has shown that the presence of the Independent Football Team in Iran's highly competitive sports has had a positive effect on their well-being, with supporters wanting to support their favorite team.
Ahmad Nazari torshizi; ali benesbordi; Mohamadreza moeinfard
Abstract
Objective: The main purpose of this study was Investigating the effects of brand uncertainty situations on consumer-based brand equity in Perspolis fans Football team. Methodology: Method of study was experimental and there were one control group and four experimental groups. The statistical population ...
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Objective: The main purpose of this study was Investigating the effects of brand uncertainty situations on consumer-based brand equity in Perspolis fans Football team. Methodology: Method of study was experimental and there were one control group and four experimental groups. The statistical population of research was students of Sport Sciences faculty of Ferdowsi University who were in fan of Perspolis. The total population of the study was 461 students. 100 people who were fans of Perspolis were selected. The questionnaire was distributed in two stages. First, the questionnaire was distributed among all fans and in the second stage, they divided into 5 groups of 20 people. The control group responded to the questionnaire without reading any scenarios and the 4 experimental groups responded to the questionnaire after reading each of the scenarios. Results: Results showed that changes in the scores of the control group did not exist, but positive scenarios increased brand equity of Persepolis and negative scenarios reduced brand equity of them. Conclusion: Comparing the scores of the four scenarios, it realized that the loss of players, team success, attract star players and the possible failure had the greatest impact on brand equity of Persepolis. As a result, Persepolis managers for increasing brand equity have to focus on these factors more.
seyed emad hoseini; Mohammad Pourkiani; ali afrouzeh
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sensory marketing dimensions on increasing the fans of Football Clubs of Iran’s premier League. Methodology: this is an applied and descriptive-correlational study. Population of research includes all football premier league fans. ...
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Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sensory marketing dimensions on increasing the fans of Football Clubs of Iran’s premier League. Methodology: this is an applied and descriptive-correlational study. Population of research includes all football premier league fans. Sample size determine 210 fans and research questionnaire was distributed randomly between them. Study tool include a researcher made questionnaire which it’s validity and reliability was confirmed. In order to statistical analysis descriptive statistic and structural equation modeling was used in LISREL. Results: given to factorial weight, the most important dimension is audition dimension and after that are dimensions of taste, olfaction, vision, and haptic respectively. Conclusion: in general result show that, sensory marketing has significant effect on increasing fans of Iran’s football premier league. According to sensory entity of sports seem to sensory marketing is a useful method in this field. When serving to costumers addition to physical relation most consider, emotional bond have been existed. Clubs must use sensory strategy trough sensors, emotional, and sensory phrase in relation to emotion and mind of people.
Reza Andam; mitra salimi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of present research was to study the factors affecting fan behavioral abnormalities in Iranian handball super league competitions. Methodology: The research method was quantitative analysis. The Statistical population was fans in Iranian handball super league competitions. Finally, ...
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Objective: The purpose of present research was to study the factors affecting fan behavioral abnormalities in Iranian handball super league competitions. Methodology: The research method was quantitative analysis. The Statistical population was fans in Iranian handball super league competitions. Finally, the 407 fans, both male and female, were selected randomly as the sample. The structured questionnaire was used to collect data which its content and face validity was checked and verified by a group of experts. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire (α=0.92). Factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to analyze the data. Results:According to exploratory factor analysis, the 38 variables were classified into six categories of environmental, cultural, psychological, security, protective and managerial. The results showed that the most important item was "the experienced professional players, coaches, and referees" (M=4.42, SD=0.81). The least important component was "the intangible controls of officers" (M=3.26, SD=1.37). The factors affecting fan behavior improvement were ranked managerial, environmental, psychological, protective, cultural, and security factors respectively. Conclusion: According to research findings, considering the managerial factors and training the efficient human resources can be as an effective step in the improvement of fan behavior.
