Fershteh Aghajani; Vajiheh Javani; Yaghub Badriazarin
Abstract
Objective: Football, which is the most popular sport in all parts of the globe, has in recent years become a hotbed of people who have created racist environments and chanted ethnic slogans, causing divisions among spectators, a phenomenon that can also be seen in Iranian football in the form of Ethnocentrism. ...
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Objective: Football, which is the most popular sport in all parts of the globe, has in recent years become a hotbed of people who have created racist environments and chanted ethnic slogans, causing divisions among spectators, a phenomenon that can also be seen in Iranian football in the form of Ethnocentrism. Therefore, this study aimed to explore ethnocentrism among Iranian football fans.Methodology: The research method is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. To conduct this research, Iranian football fans from Turkish, Persian, and Arab ethnicities were interviewed. The sampling method was the criterion and continued until the theoretical saturation was reached.Results: According to the findings of the study, the phenomenon of ethnocentrism among Iranian football fans is a combination of the two main themes of reactive and inadvertent ethnicity and action and intentional ethnicity. Conclusion: The theme of reactive and inadvertent ethnicity represents reactive behaviors; In other words, people react to the events in the society and show their dissatisfaction in sports fields with ethnic slogans, but in the context of action and intentional ethnicity, it indicates the use of stadiums by people to propagate their political ideas. According to the obtained results, it is suggested to face the negative and positive aspects of this phenomenon in football stadiums so as not to cause destructive anomalies in society and destroy the image of Iranian football.
Seyed Hosein Marashian; amin khatibi; Esmaeel Veisia
Abstract
Objective: This research investigatesed the effect of sport in religion, sectarian and religious diversity in Khuzestan province.Methodology: This was exploratory blend research. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews with expertise were conducted and with the aid of theoretical sampling, ...
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Objective: This research investigatesed the effect of sport in religion, sectarian and religious diversity in Khuzestan province.Methodology: This was exploratory blend research. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews with expertise were conducted and with the aid of theoretical sampling, the interviews proceeded to theoretical saturation. Based on the results of the first section, a questionnaire for sports role and divergence was prepared. The validity of the research instrument was reviewed and verified by eight experts. Reliability index was also calculated and validated using Cronbach's alpha test (α>0.7). In the quantitative section, the statistical population is consisting of all the people living in Khuzestan province within the range of 14-65 years old (N=4853000). According to Morgan's table, the sample size was 384 instants and Cluster random sampling method was hired. For data analysis, structural equations with partial least squares method was used.Results: The results showed that professional sports on religious and ethnic identity has a significant effect and also through the effect on religious identity can reduce religious divergence as well as sectarian and religious divergence.Conclusion: According to the results of this research, it’s recommended to adopt the necessary decisions for sports development (especially professional sport) in Khuzestan province, to help reducing religious divergence.
