Sport Management and Development
Shahnaz Rezajoo; Robab Mokhtari; Mehrdad Moharramzadeh
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to develop a comprehensive investment risk model for “Sport for All” programs using a grounded theory approach.
Methodology: This applied research utilizes the grounded theory method. The study population consisted of university professors and experts in sports ...
Read More
Objective: This study aims to develop a comprehensive investment risk model for “Sport for All” programs using a grounded theory approach.
Methodology: This applied research utilizes the grounded theory method. The study population consisted of university professors and experts in sports management, economics, and marketing—specifically eight participants from East Azerbaijan Province. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, and analysis was conducted in three main stages of coding: open, axial, and selective.
Results: The analysis identified five key factors influencing investment risk in Sport for All initiatives: Organizational and managerial elements (such as manpower and managerial policies), Sponsorship planning and strategies, Public engagement, Advertising and media marketing, Development of sports attractions. Additionally, the model highlights various background factors (including structural software/hardware, technical infrastructure, licensing, policy consistency, legal frameworks, and local branding), intervening factors (such as systematic and unsystematic risks, and economic, political, legal, and administrative conditions), and strategic responses (including barrier analysis, performance evaluation, rule of law enforcement, optimized capital allocation, and the privatization and marketing of sport for all). The study also identified operational outcomes of investment risk in Sport for All, such as challenges in sponsorship, socio-cultural consequences, impacts on public health, and structural or intra-organizational issues.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the necessity of targeted investor attraction strategies. Enhancing advertising effectiveness, increasing sectoral investments, and improving the efficiency of production and service enterprises can significantly reduce investment risks and promote sustainable growth in sport for all.
Theory Development and Futures Studies in Sport
Emad Haghali; Salah Naghshbandi; Zahra Hozhabrnia; Nahid Shetabboushehri
Abstract
Objective: Identifying the key factors influencing various systems within an organization serves as a foundation for developing strategic roadmaps and future scenarios. Given the significance of this issue, the present research aims to identify and categorize the key factors shaping the future of "sport ...
Read More
Objective: Identifying the key factors influencing various systems within an organization serves as a foundation for developing strategic roadmaps and future scenarios. Given the significance of this issue, the present research aims to identify and categorize the key factors shaping the future of "sport for all" in Iran, employing a structural analysis approach.Methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical targeting strategy and descriptive-analytical based on prospective research methods. Theoretical data was prepared by the document method and experimental data by the survey method based on the Delphi method. The participants in the research were 15 experts and experts in the field of sports, who were selected by purposive sampling. The approach of structural analysis and Micmac software has been used.Results: The results showed that the dispersion of crucial and influential factors on the future of sport for all in Iran has a stable system. Among the 42 factors investigated in this research, four elements (reference groups, native and local games, financial sponsors, facilities and equipment) had the most critical role in the future of sport for all in Iran.Conclusion: Finding shows that the mentioned activists mainly influence the future of sport for all in Iran. The effort to build a better future in sport for all requires that the mentioned activists be organized and strengthened by the relevant trustees.
Zahra Taghipour; Rahim Ramezaninejad; Hamid Reza Goharrostami
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify key themes and provide a conceptual framework for capacity building on the development of Sport for all in Iran.Methodology: The method was qualitative with a thematic approach. The research participants included scientific experts (university professors ...
Read More
Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify key themes and provide a conceptual framework for capacity building on the development of Sport for all in Iran.Methodology: The method was qualitative with a thematic approach. The research participants included scientific experts (university professors and researchers) and executive experts (managers and experts of the research organizations). The number of samples was selected according to the theoretical saturation of 15 people. Sampling was also done in a theoretical (judgmental) way. The research tool was semi-exploratory interview (semi-directed) along with library and document study. The validity of research tools and results was evaluated and confirmed based on the desirability of the scientific and executive competence of the interviewees, the validity of the content of the interview framework by expert researchers, and the level of agreement between the two coders. Multi-stage conceptual coding method was used to analyze the findings.Results: The framework derived from the qualitative findings included 4 main themes, 9 sub-themes, 30 key themes and 88 central concepts. The four conceptual themes in the sequence of overall effectiveness-effectiveness of their subcategory themes in the model include; The environmental base of capacity building (drivers and inhibitors), the ability of the multi-sectoral system of capacity building (strategies, processes and levels), the capacity building of the pillars of development (axis of resources and mechanisms) and the functions of capacity building of sport for all (development of capacities) and sustainable development capacities).Conclusion:The capacity building of the development of sport for all is depended on sustainable capacities of IRAN; and environmental capabilities and the perceived limitations impact on the integration of the strategic system and multi-level management of Sport for all. Therefore, it is suggested to the managers of of sport for all to pay attention to capacity building, as an executive strategy, and from the framework and components for development planning and monitoring of sport for all.
Saeedeh Razavi; Nima Majedi; Fariba Mohamadian
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the research is to the effect of the roles of social media on sport participation by mediating of participatory capabilities.Methodology: The methodology is correlative-descriptive. The population is Tehran citizens who participate in the public sport events in 1396 year. The sample ...
Read More
Objective: The aim of the research is to the effect of the roles of social media on sport participation by mediating of participatory capabilities.Methodology: The methodology is correlative-descriptive. The population is Tehran citizens who participate in the public sport events in 1396 year. The sample based on the Morgan table is 384 persons that are selected randomly. The main tool of the research includes 3 researcher made questionnaire, media role, sport vision and sport participation. Validity and reliability of tools based on the expert's view, Cronbach alpha and desired model measuring indexes were measured. Smart PLS modeling software was used for analyzing and testing the hypothesis. Results: In direct relations, it was determined that the role of social media have a positive and meaningful impact on attitude of sports, sports interactions, sports media consumption and sports participation. Sports attitude, sport interactions and sports media consumption have a positive and significant effect on sports participation. In the indirect relation section, the Sobel Test examination showed that the role of social media with the mediating role of athletic attitude, sport interactions and sports media consumption have a positive and significant effect. Conclusion: Based on the findings we can say that the indirect impact of media is very much than its indirect role on sport participation and media without vision change capability in their content cannot affect very significantly. Thus it is required that all sport organizations in Tehran produce and manage their media content according to the various visions, requirements and sport interests of citizen.
Ali Saberi; GHodratallah Bagheri; Hamidreza yazdani; Ebrahim Alidoust; Mohammad Hossein Ghorbani
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to designing social marketing mix model for the development of the sport.Methodology: The research method was a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and according to qualitative data collection in the first step and quantitative validation it ...
Read More
Objective: The purpose of this research was to designing social marketing mix model for the development of the sport.Methodology: The research method was a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods and according to qualitative data collection in the first step and quantitative validation it in the next phase was mixed exploration. The statistical population in this research were all experts in the academic or executive. Method of sampling in qualitative section in the present research initially was judgment and targeting and continuing for the purpose to collect data was used a snowball sampling method .In this research, with interviewing of 13 people from samples was reached to theoretical saturation. The data collection tools in the first step was interview and after coding and identifying themes and indexes A questionnaire was Was drafted and used to design and validate the model. Data analysis was done in the qualitative section with using theme analysis and in the quantitative part with using SPSS and LISREL software.Results: The results of the themes analysis showed that Social marketing mix consisted of 6 P (Product, place, price, promotion, people, and physical evidence). Also the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that model was good fit, also, Quantitative results of the research showed that the identified factors were not in desirable conditions for the development of sport for all.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, having a marketing and customer orientation view for the purpose of developing sport for all is necessary, One of the effective factors in this area is attention to the elements of marketing mix that officials and practitioners involved in the development of sport for all and promotion of health in the country In order to increase people participation in sport and physical activity can make use it.
Mohammad Javadipour; nahid Atghia; somayeh rahbari; Halimeh Taefi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was reviewing the effectivefactors on the process of policy-making of sport for all in Iran.Methodology: Research method in terms of the purpose was practical and in view of the nature of the research data was qualitative. For this purpose, 16 experts aware ...
Read More
Objective: The purpose of the present study was reviewing the effectivefactors on the process of policy-making of sport for all in Iran.Methodology: Research method in terms of the purpose was practical and in view of the nature of the research data was qualitative. For this purpose, 16 experts aware of the sport for all selected by targeted and snowball for depth unstructured interviews. The data were collected through interviews and coded and analyzed by Streubert and Carpenter’s method.Results: The results showed that the organizational components, beliefs and cultures, economic conditions, analysis, interpretation and compilation of scientific, studies and research are the factors affecting in sport’s policy-making and existing damage in the process of policy-making in sport for all including factors such as poor monitoring, poorly structured, lack of planning and implementation, poor performance of the media, limited financial resources, poor performance of human resources, rules and limited partnerships, academic and research centers. Also results Revealed that the main effective factors on the process of policy-making of sport for all in Iran including current policies, the advice of leaders, concerned and responsible agencies and organizations, popular culture, media and financial factors.Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it is suggested that consideration and analysis of these factors be considered as the first steps in the decision-making of sport for all policy-making process in Iran.
Mehdi Savadi; MehrAli Hemmatinejad; MohammadHassan Gholizadeh; HamidReza GoharRostami
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research was to design a development model of the sport for all in Hormozgan province. Methodology: It was an analytical survey. The research population included all the experts in sport for all (lecturers at universities, managers, experts and coaches) in Hormozgan province. ...
Read More
Objective: The aim of this research was to design a development model of the sport for all in Hormozgan province. Methodology: It was an analytical survey. The research population included all the experts in sport for all (lecturers at universities, managers, experts and coaches) in Hormozgan province. The number of 241 participants was selected in order to be interviewed to make a final model. The instrument was a structured questionnaire designed according to the theoretical studies (library study method) and experimental way (interview). The main dimensions included the environmental dimension, management dimension, resource dimension and behavioral which the questionnaire had 66 items in general. Face and content validity was confirmed by experts (15 people), reliability was measured by Cronbach’s alpha (α=0.94) and construct validity was verified using confirmatory factor analysis. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling using Amos 20 software. Results: The factor analysis defined the theoretical construction fit. The path analysis of dimensions about sport for all development indicated that the environmental dimension influenced 0.90 of the management dimension, 0.56 of the resource dimension and 0.45 of the behavioral dimension. Moreover, the management dimension influenced 0.97 of the behavioral dimension, and 0.91 of the resource dimension. Finally, the resource dimension influenced 0.66 of the behavioral dimension. Conclusion: According to the findings, the development of sport for all in Hormozgan province depends on the environmental factors, managerial factors, resource and finally behavioral factors. Therefore, the policies to develop sport for all should be in line with the defined and analyzed model.
Fereydoon Manafi; Rahim Ramezaninezhad; Hamidreza i GoharRostami; Salah Dastoom
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to analyze the development of Iranian collegiate athletics in the macro development programs. Methodology: The method of research is descriptive and documentary research. All the documents and reports relevant to the events, actions and activities of the physical ...
Read More
Objective: The purpose of this research was to analyze the development of Iranian collegiate athletics in the macro development programs. Methodology: The method of research is descriptive and documentary research. All the documents and reports relevant to the events, actions and activities of the physical education general office of ministry of science, research and technology were considered as research population. Components and indexes were examined descriptively and compared qualitatively with the development goals and programs of collegiate athletics. Moreover, the changing process of collegiate athletics in the macro development programs was examined and analyzed according to Iran's 1404 vision plan. Results: The results showed that the structural changes and progress of development programs of collegiate athletics have been observed only during the fourth development program although since the beginning of the 2nd and 3rd development programs, it had been asserted to do the programs. The quantitative progress of type and level of events and programs in the development programs were evaluated fairly favorable but they had low stability and quality as well as many unpredictable changes. However, the coverage of students in athletic sport and sport for all, programs per capita, facilities and budget were close to defined goals. The prominent influential dimensions on collegiate athletics development included founding national federation of collegiate athletics and secretariat of sport regions, changed approach from athletic sport to sport for all, and holding nation-wide Olympiads. In sum, the indexes of collegiate athletics development are not in favorable accordance with Iran's 1404 vision plan and five year development program. Conclusion: In general, it is offered to revise and redesign the programs, structures and organizations of collegiate athletics based on criteria and realities of university population in the scopes of education, recreation, sport for all, and athletic sport
Zinat Nikaein; Seyed Hamid Sjjadi Hezareh; Behnaz Motakallemi; Delaram Sorrahi; Tahmineh Saeidi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2017, , Pages 211-230
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research was needs assessment and quality evaluation of jobs to enrich with sport activities in Guilan province's emergency medicine.Methodology: It was a descriptive study. The population included the emergency medicine staff (N≈370), and the experts in medicine and ...
Read More
Objective: The aim of this research was needs assessment and quality evaluation of jobs to enrich with sport activities in Guilan province's emergency medicine.Methodology: It was a descriptive study. The population included the emergency medicine staff (N≈370), and the experts in medicine and health system in the province of Guilan. The staff (Cochran's formula: n=201) by random sampling and the experts (n=13) by convenience and purposeful sampling were selected. Research tool was the structured questionnaire (6 sections and 33 items) as well as a transcript of the interview (the quality evaluation of components for the needs assessment).The scaling was associated with each section (Likert scale, case, the Open-ended). The theoretical validity (Sigma counting=0.89, 10 experts) and reliability (retest=0.88) were acceptable. Analysis of Findings was done by the descriptive and inferential statistics (K-S and Chi-square) in the Excel and SPSS20 software.Results: The results were the followings: the sport facilities were few; workplace stress was above average but physical activity was below average; there were various physical side effects; the satisfaction at the services and their physical activity was low; and there was significant difference between the existing physical activity and the desired among the staff. Also, the significant difference was observed between the indicators according to the staff's view (p=0<0005). In the qualitative model, the most effective components to enrich sport of medical emergency were management and administration operations. In addition, a fit structural model for the development and enrichment of physical activity at the organizational environment of medical emergencies was presented.Conclusion: It seems due to the evaluation findings of needs assessment; the management should intervene in this issue to handle it.
