Reza Heydar; Mohammad Keshtidar; Omar Alizaie
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify and classify the factors affecting the financial distress of Iranian professional football clubs based on interpretive structural modeling (ISM).Methodology: This research is a qualitative research with descriptive-analytical nature and it is ...
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Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify and classify the factors affecting the financial distress of Iranian professional football clubs based on interpretive structural modeling (ISM).Methodology: This research is a qualitative research with descriptive-analytical nature and it is an applied research which was done through interpretive structural method. Data collection tools were library studies, interviews and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study consisted of all sport managers, professors and academic experts familiar with soccer, football players and pioneers of the country, 65 of whom were selected by purposeful and snowball method in each section of the study. Interpretive structural method (ISM) was also used for data analysis.Results: 69 factors affecting the outflow of financial distress from Iranian football clubs were identified. They were classified into 7 dimensions: management, infrastructure, human capital, marketing and advertising, technology and technology, legal and communication factors and 4 levels. Management was identified as the fourth level of the model, the most basic and underlying model.Conclusions: Finally, according to the results of the research, stabilizing club management, outsourcing the club to the private sector, employing managers and marketing experts, organized communication with internal and external scientific and research centers, interaction with managers and specialists in successful European clubs and Getting to know the legal issues of the club is recommended to get rid of financial distress.
mohammad keshtidar; bahador azizi; Abdorahman Jami Alahmadi; Mostafa Aminian
Abstract
Objective: In this paper, the prediction of the effectiveness of team sports athletes in soccer and futsal societies based on superstitious rituals was investigated.Methodology: The methodology of this research is a descriptive correlation method that was implemented by field method. The statistical ...
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Objective: In this paper, the prediction of the effectiveness of team sports athletes in soccer and futsal societies based on superstitious rituals was investigated.Methodology: The methodology of this research is a descriptive correlation method that was implemented by field method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the professional players present in the soccer and futsal championship of Iran. Due to the lack of precision of these numbers, the Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size (325 people). To collect data, two standard questionnaires of superstitious rituals in sport (Flangam, 2013) and a researcher made team effectiveness (Keshtidar and colleagues, 1397) were used. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire was obtained by sports experts. Data analysis was also performed using SPSS 22 and LISREL 8/80 softwares.Results: The results of this study showed that the level of superstious and all its components, other than the element of teamwork, is less than the hypothetical average. Also, the team effectiveness and its components were above the hypothesized average and there is a positive and significant correlation between superstious and team effectiveness. Also, the components of superstious have the ability to predict the effectiveness of the team.Conclusion: Finally, one can say that a level of superstious can increase the effectiveness of professional athletes.
